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South American Tortoise

South American Tortoise. By: Cynthia Moreno & Jo Ann Ramirez. Geochelone Carbonaria I. Importance A. Scientific name B. Origin II. Background Information A. Weight B. Distinctions III. New Information A. Edible & Non edible food B. Environment

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South American Tortoise

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  1. South American Tortoise By: Cynthia Moreno & Jo Ann Ramirez

  2. Geochelone Carbonaria I. Importance A. Scientific name B. Origin II. Background Information A. Weight B. Distinctions III. New Information A. Edible & Non edible food B. Environment IV. Conclusions A. Experience B. Video

  3. The scientific name for the red-footed tortoise is Geochelone Carbonaria. This medium sized South American tortoise is very unique and prehistoric that the value of the turtle is so unpredictable. That is why red-foots are protected under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It does not mean that this species that are classified in Appendix II animals are threatened or extinct, but are taken care of and cannot leave there country without a permit. The red-footed tortoise is found throughout southern Central America, and central and northern South America including the countries of Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. There are also a few in the Caribbean Islands. The major threat that the red-foots have are man eaters or hunters. Just like they hunt for animals to eat such as cows, pigs, horses, and so forth, they also hunt for tortoises. In there countries, they are considered fish. When Catholic’s cannot eat meat due to holy week they go searching for these poor innocent animals. They get large quantities to sell to other countries near by so they can have food to eat.

  4. The natural history of these tortoises is that the males are larger than the females carapace length and weight, they are not wider or taller. Male red-foots have a concave plastron, meaning that the bottom of the tortoise is inward. Just like here in the Science Center the tortoise we have been observing is a male. We can tell again because the inside of where his stomach caves in. The red-foots are mature, when the outside of the shell looks like an hourglass. These tortoises goes through different coloration's throughout there lifetime. For example, Small turtles which are known as juveniles have a carapace with a pale yellow or horn ground color with increasing dark brown or black patches as the animal matures. Adult’s carapace are dark brown or blackish brown ground color with pale yellow aureole in the center of each lateral and center scute. They have enlarged scales on the legs and tails vary from yellow to dark cherry red, brightest colors are mostly seen on adult males. But sometimes it is hard to see these descriptions on the tortoises because the tortoise itself has considerable variation in color.

  5. Adult males are an average of 13.25 inches (30.4cm) long and females average 11.25 inches (28.9 cm) in length. Females are more sexually mature when they are smaller in size. Males have longer and thicker tails than females. What kind of foods are edible or non edible for Red-foots? This red foots can eat practically everything. These are the major foods that they enjoy eating. Food% Protein% Fat% Fiber%CHO% Ca% P% Dry Matter Threeawn 6.3 1.5 34.8 48.7 0.59 0.09 Globemallow 20.4 2.4 23.2 42.3 3.34 0.31 Triodia, slim 9.7 2.0 33.7 44.4 1.01 0.08 Brome, foxtail 8.5 31.6 0.28 0.23 35.9 Grama, red 7.6 2.3 33.0 48.4 0.61 0.10 56.9 Muhly, bush 7.3 1.8 36.9 48.1 0.27 0.09 Heronbill 13.5 2.8 21.2 47.0 1.95 0.33 16.4 Mean 10.5 2.1 30.6 47.0 1.15 0.18 overall Ca:P = 6.4:1

  6. They also need calcium supplements such as: % Ca % P Calcium borogluconate 8.32 0 Calcium carbonate 40.0 4 0 calcium gluconate 9.31 0 Calcium glubionate 23 mg/ml 0 Calcium lactate 18.37 0 Calcium phosphate (monobasic) 17.12 26.47 Calcium phosphate (dibasic) 29.46 22.77 Calcium phosphate (tribasic) 38.76 19.97 Steamed bone meal 31.74 15.00

  7. There are nutritional analysis of foods commonly eaten by tortoises. Food% Protein% Fat% Fiber CHO% Ca % PCa:PDryMatter Apples 1.1 3.6 6.4 85.5 0.04 0.06 0.7:1 15.6 Avocados 6.1 47.3 6.9 18.2 0.03 0.12 0.3:1 26.0 Bananas 3.0 0.6 2.5 62.1 0.02 0.07 0.3:1 24.3 Beans, green 19.3 1.8 14.1 71.6 0.57 0.44 1.3:1 9.9 Beet greens 24.2 3.4 14.3 50.6 1.31 0.44 3.0:1 9.1 Broccoli 32.9 2.8 11.9 54.1 0.94 0.72 1.3:1 10.9 Cabbage 16.9 1.9 10.5 71.4 0.64 0.38 1.7:1 7.6 Cantaloupe 7.8 1.4 6.8 85.1 0.16 0.18 0.9:1 8.8 Carrots 8.4 1.5 8.5 73.1 0.28 0.27 1:1 11.8 Chard, Swiss 27.0 3.5 9.0 51.7 0.99 0.44 2.3:1 8.9 Collards 32.7 5.4 6.1 51.0 1.70 0.56 3.0:1 14.7 Corn, sweet 7.0 2.0 2.9 44.5 0.006 0.22 0.03:1 27.3

  8. Cress, garden 24.5 6.7 10.4 51.8 0.76 0.72 1.1:1 10.6 Dandelion greens 18.7 4.9 11.1 63.8 1.30 0.46 2.8:1 14.4 Endive 25.7 2.9 11.4 60.0 1.17 0.78 1.5:1 6.9 Grapes 4.0 4.1 2.7 55.4 0.05 0.04 1.3:1 18.4 Kale 34.6 4.6 7.5 52.0 1.44 0.54 2.7:1 17.3 Lettuce, iceberg 22.0 trace 11.1 66.7 0.44 0.44 1:1 4.5 Lettuce, romaine 21.2 6.1 11.7 57.6 1.12 0.42 2.7:1 6.0 Mustard greens 28.5 4.8 10.5 53.2 1.74 0.48 3.6:1 10.5 Oranges 5.2 1.2 4.3 63.5 0.21 0.10 2.1:1 14.0 Parsley 26.8 6.7 10.1 60.4 1.34 0.40 3.4:1 14.9 Peaches 4.7 1.0 5.5 77.5 0.07 0.15 0.5:1 10.9 Spinach 35.3 3.9 6.5 47.1 1.00 0.55 1.8:1 9.3 Squash, Italian 22.9 1.4 67.1 0.51 0.54 0.9:1 5.4 Strawberries 6.7 4.7 13.9 79.9 0.20 0.20 1:1 10.1

  9. Tomatoes 15.4 3.1 9.2 66.2 0.18 0.38 0.5:1 6.5 Turnip greens 30.9 3.2 8.3 51.6 2.54 0.60 4.2:1 9.7 Watermelon 6.8 2.5 8.1 86.4 0.09 0.14 0.6:1 7.4 SUGGESTED SUBSTITUTES * Food Protein Fat Fiber CHO Ca PCa:P Dry Matter Alfalfa meal, pelleted** 20.9 3.2 23.2 41.2 1.35 0.30 4.5:1 91.9 Alfalfa hay** 17.3 2.1 31.4 40.3 1.64 0.26 6.3:1 89.7 Bermuda grass 11.6 2.1 25.9 50.0 0.53 0.22 2.4:1 36.7 Most of these substitutes are available in many pet shops and feed stores.

  10. The environment that tortoises have to be around are tropical hibiscus which are large shrubs that provide ample shade, and the flowers and leaves that are a nutritious food source. They also enjoy being around Aloe, Jade plants, Spineless Prickly Pear Cactus, Yucca, Grapes, Water Hyacinth, Pineapple Guava Geranium, Ornamental Strawberry, Marguerite Daisy, Kale, Edible Fig Mulberry, Bermuda Grass Blue Hibiscus, Chinese Lantern, Rose, Dandelion, and Garden Snails. All these plants are best known for providing shade and food for the tortoises. The most poisonous plants are • Arrowhead Vine (Syngonium podophyllum) 1 • Azalea (Rhododendron occidentale) 2 • Begonia 1 • Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia reginae) 2 • Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) 1 • Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) 2, 3 • Buttercup family (Ranunculus species) 2, 3

  11. Caladium 1, 3 • Calla Lily (Zantedeschia species) 1 • Candytuft (Iberis) 3 • Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) 2 • Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema modestum) 1 • Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) 2 • Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea) 2 • Crowfoot (Ranunculus sceleratus) 2, 3 • Cyclamen 2 • Daffodil (Narcissus) 2 • Dianthus 2 • Dumb cane (Dieffenbachia amoena) 1 • Elephant's Ear (Caladium) 1, 3 • Euphorbia 2, 4

  12. Ficus Benjamina 3 • Fiddleleaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) 3 • Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) 2 • Gardenia 4 • Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia) 4 • Heart Ivy (Hedera helix) 2, 3 • Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica) 2 • Holly (Ilex) 2 • Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) 2, 3 • Ivy (Hedera helix) 2, 3 • Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) 2 • Juniper (Juniperus species) 2, 3 • Lantana (Lantana camara) 2, 3 • Lily of the Nile (Agapanthus africanus) 2, 3

  13. Lobelia 2 Majesty (Philodendron hastatum) 2 • Marigold (Tagetes species) 3 • Mistletoe (Phorodendron flavescens) 2 • Morning Glory (Ipomoea species) 2 • Mother-in-Law Plant (Caladium) 1, 3 • Mother-in-Law Tongue (Sansevieria trifasciata) 4 • Mushrooms 2 Needlepoint Ivy (Hedera helix) 2, 3 • Nephthytis (Syngonium podophyllum) 1 • Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) 2 • Oleander (Nerium oleander) 2 • Parlor Ivy (Philodendron cordatum) 2, 3 • Periwinkle (Vinca species) 2 • Philodendron 1, 3 • Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) 4

  14. Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) 1, 3 • Pyracanthra 2 • Rhododendron (Ericaceae) 2 • Rosary Bean (Abrus precatarius) 2 • Rubber Tree (Ficus elastica decora) 3 • Schefflera 1, 3 • Shasta Daisy (Chrysanthemum maximum) 2, 3 • Spider Mum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) 2, 3, 4 • Split Leaf Philodendron (Monstera deliciosa) 1 • String of Pearls (Senecio rowleyanus or S. herreinus) 2 • Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus) 4 • Umbrella Tree (Schefflera actinophylla) 1, 3

  15. There are four toxicity levels for this poisonous plants. The first one is known as oxalates. These plants contain irritating substances known as oxalate salts. Contact with the sap may cause burning, swelling, and pain. Treatment is to rinse the month, and if contacted with skin, wash with soap and water. Observe for problems in swallowing, breathing, and increased drooling. You should also check for irritation and swelling of mouth, lips, and tongue. The second one is Toxic or Potentially Toxic which plants can be toxic and should be considered with caution. May contain a wide variety of substances which cause ill effects to various organs. Toxicity can range from mild irritation to severe organ damage, depending on the plant. Treatment for this would be to rinse mouth and dilute with fluids. Call poison center for further recommendations. The third cause is Dermatitis which can be contacted with sap, it may produce a skin rash, itching, or irritation. Treatment is to wash your skin with soap and water and if irritation persists, call poison center or veterinarian and be careful not to rub into the eyes. Lastly it is the unknown, where information is incomplete, but some data indicates that these plants may cause ill effects. The treatment for this is to rinse mouth.

  16. Dilute with fluids and call the poison center for further information. In conclusion, we learned that taking care of animals is time consuming. The tortoise in the Science Center weighs approxmately 12 pounds and is 25 years of age. We found that out because each line on his shell means one year of age. We learned that this turtle ate fruit such as mangos, papaya, and melon. This turtle was very smart that it escaped his habitat twice in less than a week. They thought the turtle was lost and could not be found but it kept going to the exact same spot it was found the first time. How it knew it was going to the exact same spot? Don’t know it is just a very bright animal. The times we came to feed the animal it was cold and wet that he would not come out at all. So we left his food behind so the guides could feed the tortoise. This project was interesting yet tired some because we could only feed and look after it. We also learned that if you want some kind of pet you have to nourish it and give him or her your undivided attention. So if you all plan to get a particular animal love it, feed it, and take care of it. You can say the animals are just like having kids. Here is a video for you all to see, hope you enjoy it. Well it turns out we cannot show you all the video because

  17. Video camera that we used broke and erased the tape. So we figured out that we would take pictures of the tortoise at the center but two weeks ago the tortoise ran away again. They cannot find him and they don’t think they will.

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