1. Athens and Sparta

3. Athens vs. Sparta • Population: 140,000 • Government: • Democracy • 10 elected officials • Council of 500 • Assembly • SocialStructure: • Freemen, Aliens, Slaves • Women: • Property, kept at home • Education: • Only boys, ages 5-14/18 • Values: • Participation in gov. &civic responsibility • Military: Strong Navy • Population: 8,000 • Government: • Oligarchy • 2 Kings • 5 Ephors • 28 Council/Senate Men • Assembly • SocialStructure: • Spartans, Neighbors, Helots (slaves) • Women: • Almost equal to men, role to have healthy children • Education: • Both boys and girls at age 7 • Values: • Military; “Obey & Endure” • Military: Strong Army

4. Persian Wars500 – 448 BCE the greatest understandable event in human memory; distinguished the Greek from the "barbarian" .

5. The Persian Empire Cyrus the Great

6. Darius I: “Remember the Athenians…”

7. Battle of MarathonAnd the Winner is…Athens!

8. Xerxes: “I’ll be Back!”

9. To Awe his Opponents: The Pontoon Bridge and Canal through Mt. Athos

10. The Greek Hoplite Army

11. Greek vs. Persian

12. Prophecies of Delphi • Athens • “Wooden Walls” • Sparta • “Death of a king”

13. Battle of Thermopylaeand the winner is…Persia!

14. Burn Athens burn!

15. Battle of SalamisAnd the winner is…the Greeks!

16. Persian War Aftermath:Athens and Sparta- “I ain’t your BFF!”Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League

17. Meanwhile… Athens achieved its “Golden/Classical Age”

18. Peloponnesian Wars“A war to end all wars…”

19. The 2 Sides: Athens vs. Sparta

20. Fast Facts… • Source of information - Thucydides • Greeks called “the war b/w Peloponnesians and Athenians” • Lasted 27 years • Fighting ranged across Greek world • At wars end, “Golden Age” of Greece over

21. Why did the Peloponnesian war start? • According to Thucydides… • “Spartan fear of the growth of Athenian Power” • Big Idea: War of Opposing Ideologies “This day will be the beginning of great evils for the Greeks.”

22. The War is On! Sparta attacks Athens

23. Stage 1: The Age of Pericles • War strategy: • Caution • Major Event: • Athens overrun with plague • End of Stage 1: • Death of Pericles

24. Stage 2: Age of Cleon • War strategy: • Aggressive • Major Events: • Colonization • Mytilene • End of Stage 2: • Death of Cleon • Peace of Nicias

25. Stage 3: Age of Alcibiades • War strategy: • Aggressive • Major Events: • Ended Peace of Nicias • Punishment of Melos • Invasion of Sicily • End of Stage 3 and the War: • Spartans launched surprise attack on Athenian fleet; starved Athens into submission

26. Thucydides • “For never had so many cities been captured and destroyed, whether by the barbarians or by the Greeks who were fighting each other…Never had so many men been exiled or slaughtered, whether in the war or because of civil conflicts.”

27. The Macedonians Destroyer of Greek Independence OR Saviors of Greek Culture?

28. Macedonia • North of Mt. Olympus • Largest & wealthiest Greek city-state • Warlike people w/ loyalty to throne • “Lovers of things Greek” • Considered Barbarians by Greeks

29. Phillip II • Father Alex. Great • United Macedonia lands • Created new and improved phalanx • Conquered Greek peninsula; dreamed of defeating Persians • Big Idea: Alex. Great nobody, w/o daddy

30. Alexander the Great • Arguably one of the greatest military generals of all time • Created vast Empire • Ionian Sea to Himalaya Mts. • Responsible for preservation and diffusion of Hellenism