1 / 5

Identity Development

Q 7-8: Discuss the formation and development of gender roles (and explain cultural variations). Identity Development. Introduction. Background Gender-social and psychological characteristics associated with being male or female Role- social and behavioral norms

taariq
Télécharger la présentation

Identity Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Q 7-8: Discuss the formation and development of gender roles (and explain cultural variations) Identity Development

  2. Introduction • Background • Gender-social and psychological characteristics associated with being male or female • Role- social and behavioral norms • Biology- xx (female) or xy (male) chromosomes; sex hormones released during prenatal development • Money (1972)- claimed that children are gender neutral at birth but refuted with David Reimer story • Thesis-Social learning theory and Gender schema theory help to explain gender identity, but there are limitations to both theories

  3. Social Learning TheoryBandura (1977) • Gender roles are learned through observation of same-sex models, reinforcement & modeling • Evidence • Smith (1978)- Baby X experiment- adults treated child according to perception of gender • Sroufe (1993)- 10 year olds who behaved in gender-stereotyped way were more popular • Limitations- passive; doesn’t explain variation in level of conformity to gender role stereotypes

  4. Gender schema theory • Gender schema- ideas abut what is appropriate behavior for males and females • Categorization (ingroup) and stereotypes • Evidence • Martin & Halvorson (1983)- 5 and 6 year olds distorted memories that were inconsistent with gender roles • Fagot (1985)- gender policing enforced stereotypes • Limitations-focus on cognitive factors ignores social and cultural factors

  5. Cultural variations • Goffman (1977)- predicted that gender roles will shift as societies become more equal • Mead (1935)- compared gender roles in 3 New Guinea tribes; roles not related to biology, but cultural expectations

More Related