1 st Semester Exam in Advanced Placement Biology

1. 1st Semester Exam in Advanced Placement Biology

3. A student designs an experiment that determines the effectiveness of a particular enzyme. In the design, 4 types of food products are used. The experimenter uses 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml of enzyme with each of the 4 food types. In addition, the experimenter places the 5ml and 10ml containers in the freezer. Which of the following statements BEST describes this experimental design? A. This experimental design will easily be supported by other scientists. B. This experimental design is flawed due to the lack of a control variable and the presence of multiple experimental variables. C. This experimental design will produce multiple trials of data. D. This experimental design will show that an enzyme can work in any temperature and any volume or concentration.

4. 2. The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organiccompounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These types of macromolecules are known as __________. A. starches B. sugars C. proteins D. fats

5. 3. Which biomolecule's function is LEAST likely to be affected by the order of its singlemolecule units? A. DNA B. starch C. RNA D. protein

6. 4. Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not waterpermeable.This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule? A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. nucleic acid D. protein

7. 5. Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following? A. amino acids B. lipids C. monosaccharides D. RNA chains

8. 6. Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

9. 7. Which is the MOST valid conclusion based on this graph? A. Enzymes are not affected greatly by temperature. B. Enzymes work most effectively at low temperatures. C. Raising the temperature always makes an enzyme work better. D. Enzyme function decreases after a certain favorable temperature.

10. 8. A student measured the time required for a protein sample to be completely digested in the presence of an enzyme under different pH levels. At which pH is the enzyme LEAST active? A. 6.8 B. 6.9 C. 7.1 D. 7.2

11. Carbon 9. Which of the following are commonly found in organic molecules? A. I, II I. Carbon B. II, IV II. Nitrogen C. I, II, IIIIII. Phosphorus D. I, II, III, IV IV. Helium Nitrogen Phosphorus

12. 10. Which of the following is a function of a carbohydrate? A. forms the cell wall B. forms the cell membrane C. gene expression D. regulates enzymes

13. 11. Which of the following is a function of a protein? A. forms the cell wall B. forms the cell membrane C. gene expression D. regulates enzymes

14. 12. What simple molecule reacts with itself to form this disaccharide? A. DNA B. amino acids C. glucose D. lipids

15. 13. Which structure can be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A. mitochondrion B. nucleic acid C. nucleus D. chloroplast

16. 14. Which structure does NOT belong in a prokaryotic cell? A. DNA B. phosolipid membrane C. cytoplasm D. nuclear envelope

17. 15. What kind of cells most likely result from uncontrolled growth due to mutations in genes that control the cell cycle? A. nerve cells B. bone cells C. cancer cells D. cardiac cells

18. 16. What structure(s) allows chromosomes to separate and move during mitosis? A. spindle apparatus B. nuclear envelope C. chromatids D. radiating fibers

19. 17. In the Enzyme Substrate Complex, what is represented by Y ? A. enzyme B. substrate C. active site D. product

20. 18. What does Step III illustrate? A. enzyme specificity B. changes in enzymes after reaction C. conversion of substrate into products D. release of activation energy

21. Use the chart to help you answer the following 4 questions.

22. 19. What BEST completes the chart at I? A. enzyme B. amino acids C. monomer D. polymer

23. 20. Which statement BEST describes the function of nucleic acids (IV)? A. stores genetic information and helps to make proteins B. increases the rate of chemical reactions C. stimulates metabolism in all body cells D. activates secretion of the body's hormones

24. 21. What molecule is described in column III? A. phosphates B. lipids C. polysaccharides D. minerals

25. 22. Complete the chart at II. A. polysaccharides B. biomolecules C. amino acids D. lipids

26. 23. In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant over the allele for smooth coat (r). A heterozygous guinea pig and a homozygous recessive guinea pig are mated. Which of the following would be the phenotypes of the offspring? A. all rough coat B. all smooth coat C. 2 rough coat and 2 smooth coat D. 3 rough coat and 1 smooth coat

27. 24. Which of the following do plant cells have that animal cells do not? A. chloroplasts and cell walls B. vacuoles and cell membranes C. chloroplasts and mitochondria D. cell walls and cell membranes

28. 25. Four of the six kingdoms are comprised of organisms that contain eukaryotic cells. Which structures in a cell would give you the BEST evidence that the cell is eukaryotic? A. mitochondria B. vacuoles C. cell walls D. internal membranes

29. 26. Which of the following do plant cells have that animal cells do not? A. chloroplasts and cell walls B. vacuoles and cell membranes C. chloroplasts and mitochondria D. cell walls and cell membranes plant cells animal cells

30. 27. Which of the following is arranged in the order of increasing levels of function? A. atom, molecule, cell B. molecule, atom, cell C. cell, atom, molecule D. cell, molecule, atom molecule cell atom

31. 28. In the Nested Venn diagram, what kinds of cells are found in section III? A. animal B. plant C. fungi D. fungi and plant

32. 29. Identify the Venn diagram section(s) which includes prokaryotic cells. A. I B. II, III, IV C. I, II, III, IV D. IV

33. 30. Which sections do NOT include characteristics of cells from this organism? A. I B. I, II C. II, III D. III, IV

34. 31. Draw two cells, an animal cell and a plant cell. The animal cell will need at least six organelles drawn and labeled. The plant cell will need at least eight organelles drawn and labeled. Two of the plant organelles will need to be ones not found in an animal cell. Plant Cell Animal Cell Diagrams should have six of the same structures, and 2 in the plant only found there.

35. 31. Draw two cells, an animal cell and a plant cell. The animal cell will need at least six organelles drawn and labeled. The plant cell will need at least eight organelles drawn and labeled. Two of the plant organelles will need to be ones not found in an animal cell. Plant Cell Animal Cell

36. 31. Draw two cells, an animal cell and a plant cell. The animal cell will need at least six organelles drawn and labeled. The plant cell will need at least eight organelles drawn and labeled. Two of the plant organelles will need to be ones not found in an animal cell. Plant Cell Animal Cell

37. Use your diagrams above to answer the following three questions. 32. Identify the two organelles in the diagrams that are NOT found in the animal cell. cell wall Chloroplasts large central vacuole

38. Use your diagrams above to answer the following question. 33. What is the purpose of the two organelles? • cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane, thereby making the cells in plants more sturdy. • chloroplasts which capture sunlight for photosynthesis • large central vacuole for water storage.

39. Use your diagrams above to answer the following question. 34. How do the two pictures relate to evidence of the cell theory? Answers will vary. All cells have similar parts.

40. Discuss the evidence for the cell theory The cell theory states that: • Cells are the smallest unit of life  • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • All cells come from preexisting cells 

41. The cell theory can’t be ‘proven true’ because that would require us to examine every single cell, which would be an impossible task. However the theory would be ‘proven false’ if a scientist made a discovery that violated the existing cell theory. • Evidence for the cell theory comes from observation and experimentation. When observed with a light microscope, every kind of cell - from every kind of organism – has so far upheld the central tenets of the cell theory. • The statement that all living cells come from pre-existing cells does not mean that life has always existed; biologists believe that self-replicating molecules gradually evolved into the earliest cells.

42. There is compelling evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells. This evidence is described in the endosymbiotictheory.

43. Use the following diagram to answer the next three questions. 35. During which part of the cell cycle does this process occur? A. M B. S C. G1 D. G2 Mitosis

44. 36. Refer to the diagram. Arrange the stages in order. A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI B. VI, II, I, IV, V, III C. III, VI, I, IV, II, V D. V, II, IV, I, II, VI

45. 37. What is the name of this process? A. metaphase B. mitosis C. meiosis D. mucousis

46. Explain the process illustrated in the diagram. A. passage of water molecules through a Semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration B. movement of molecules against a concentration gradient expending energy C. separation of suspended particles from a fluid environment through a porous membrane D. transport of molecules across a membrane from a high to low concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule

47. 39. Which statement does NOT describe cell cycle checkpoints? A. Normal checkpoints assess damage to DNA. B. Faulty checkpoints may lead to abnormal cell growth. C. Cell checkpoints can fail in mitosis and meiosis. D. Defective checkpoints result in the death of the cell.

48. 40. The compound synthesized during photosynthesis is_________________ . A. H2O B. CO2 C. O2 D. C6H12O6

49. 41. Refer to the diagram. Choose the terms that complete the diagram at X and Y. A. X oxygen, Y carbon dioxide B. X energy, Y energy C. X energy, Y carbon dioxide D. X water, Y energy

50. 42. What equation BEST describes the process occurring at A? A. H2O + CO2 C6H1 2O6 + H2O B. O2 + C6H12O6 H2O + CO2 C. H2O + CO2 C6H1 2O6 + O2 D. H2O + O2C6H1 2O6 + CO2