1 st SEMESTER

1. 1st SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW

2. What are the physical characteristics of a region? 1. weather 2. climate 3. landforms

3. Label the four regions of Texas A. Great Plains B. North Central Plains C. Coastal Plains D. Mountains and Basins

4. What types of lifestyles did the natives have? • Most were nomadic • They lived mostly in teepees that were easy to pack up and move • They traveled in search of food

5. The introduction of DISEASES by Europeans caused the death of many Native Texans

6. The introduction of HORSES by Europeans caused the tribes on the plains to become great hunters and fierce fighters. The COMANCHE tribe was the most feared by the early Texas settlers.

7. Where did Columbus land? The Bahamas

8. What explorer conquered the Aztecs and Montezuma to take control of present day Mexico City? HERNAN CORTES

9. Who was the French explorer who landed in Texas? LA SALLE • What was he looking for? The mouth of the Mississippi river

10. As a result of the French fort (Fort St Louis), the Spanish established many missions and presidios across Texas

11. What were the types of settlements used in early Texas life? missions-to spread Christianity presidios and forts-for military protection

12. Who was an important leader of the Mexican Revolution? Father Miguel Hidalgo • What was the name of his speech? Grito de Dolores • What year did Mexico finally gain its independence from Spain? 1821

13. Who was the most successful empresario? Stephen F. Austin • What was the nickname of the original colonists he brought to Texas? “The Old 300”

14. What was the nickname given to Jane Long? Mother of Texas • Why is she referred to by this nickname? She was one of the most prominent pioneer women in Texas

15. What is the name of the vast new territory that the United States acquired to reach the Mississippi River? The Louisiana Purchase • What year did the U.S. buy this land? 1803 • What country preciously controlled this land? France

16. What event led Texas to change from mostly Spanish to mostly Anglo-American population? -Mexico's Independence from Spain -Immigration from the united states

17. Who attempted to create a new country in east Texas? Haden Edwards • What was the settlement called? • The independent republic of Fredonia • Why did it fail? He started it without the blessing of the Mexican officials

18. Describe the purpose and the result of the Mier y Teran Report The Mexicans were not happy about the increasing number of Anglo-American settlers in Texas. They felt they were losing control.

19. Explain the effects of the Law of April 6, 1830 on the settlers and on the Mexican government -outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas and cancelled empressarial grants that had not been fulfilled -It alarmed the Anglo-Texan settlers

20. What two things were declared in the Turtle Bayou Resolutions? 1. colonists pledged continued loyalty to Mexico 2. showed support for Santa Anna

21. Describe Stephen F Austin’s journey to Mexico City. Why did he go? What happened while he was there? How long was he there? What happened when he left? -He went to deliver the Texan resolutions to the Mexican officials -it was a three month journey -He was arrested for treason

22. What did Santa Anna do when he first came to power in Mexico? He launched a revolution against President Bustamonte to gain power

23. What important event happened at the Battle of Gonzales? -The Mexican army demanded the return of their canon by the Texan army. The Texans then told them to “Come and get it” -This showed defiance to the Mexican army by the Texans

24. After the Texans controlled Goliad, where did Austin lead the army of the people? San Antonio • What was the result of this action? Stephen F. Austin was elected the commander of the Texas army

25. Why did General Houston send Colonel Bowie to the Alamo? Originally to destroy the fort • Why did he and his troops stay? They ended up defending the Alamo-but the Texans lost the battle of the Alamo

26. Name the important men who fought at the Alamo: Santa Anna William B. Travis David Crockett James Bowie • How long did the battle last? 90 minutes after a 13 day siege

27. Who wrote the famous letter to Texans and all Americans from the Alamo? William B. Travis • What was the final declaration in this letter? “Victory or Death”

28. What significant battle took place right after the fall of the Alamo? Goliad • Why was it important? The execution of prisoners made the Texans angry

29. What other important event in Texas history was occurring at the same time as the Battle of the Alamo? The writing of the Texas Declaration of Independence • What was the result of this event? War with Mexico • What date did it occur? March 2, 1836

30. What happened during the Runaway Scrape? Families living in the Gonzales area panicked and ran when they heard that Santa Anna’s army was advancing

31. What was the deciding battle in the Texas revolution? The Battle of San Jacinto • Why did this battle end the fight for independence? Santa Anna was captured • Who were the important people involved? Santa Anna, Deaf Smith, Sam Houston • What date did this battle occur? April 21, 1836

32. What things were decided in the two Treaties of Velasco? Public treaty: Santa Anna agreed not to fight in Texas again and he agreed to withdraw all Mexican troops from Texas Private treaty: Santa Anna was to work toward Mexico recognizing Texas as independent. The border was established at the Rio Grande River.

33. What did the Texas government create to help with financial difficulties in the new republic? Currency-called redbacks or star money

34. Compare Houston’s views on natives and plan for Texas to Lamar’s views and plan. HOUSTON: was sympathetic toward native Texans LAMAR: wanted the native Texans forced out

35. List the correct order of the Presidents of Texas and the years they served in this office (including the provisional government): 1. David G. Burnet March 1836-Oct. 1836 2. Sam Houston Oct. 1836-Dec. 1838 3. Mirabeau B. Lamar Dec. 1838-Dec. 1841 4. Sam Houston Dec. 1841-Dec. 1844 5. Anson Jones Dec. 1844- Feb. 1846

36. What events in 1840 led to increased problems with natives living in Texas? -Lamar as president -increased tension with Mexico -the Council House Fight

37. Describe the Santa Fe expedition. Who initiated it and what was the result? Lamar sent troops to Santa Fe to convince the people of New Mexico that they were in fact Texan. The trip was a waste on money-the people of New Mexico did not agree to be Texans

38. What did Lamar do for Texas education? He set aside land in each county for public schools • What was his nickname because of this? Father of Public Education

39. Describe the Mier Expedition. Who initiated it and what was the result? -Texans demanded supplies from the citizens of Mier (in Mexico) -these troops were captured and marched to Mexico City -Black Bean Incident-one of every ten Texans were executed; the ones who pulled a black bean from the bag were the ones executed.

40. What event decided the final place for the capital of Texas? The Archive War • Where is the capital today? Austin

41. What year was Texas finally annexed to the United States? February 26, 1845 • What was the famous ending to President Jones’ speech on that day? “The Republic of Texas is no more”

42. Define the term Manifest Destiny. The belief that the United States was destined to expand all the way from the East Coast to the West Coast • How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidaldo fit into this? Mexico ceded land to the United States

43. What kind of government was outlined by the Texas state constitution? Democracy • What terms describe this division of government power? -Three branches of government -system of checks and balances

44. What is it called when the state government shares power with the federal government? federalism

45. What does the Bill of Rights ensure? The rights of individuals

46. Define “Popular Sovereignty” -A government in which the people rule. -A system in which the people vote to decide an issue