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Blenheim, August 13, 1704

Blenheim, August 13, 1704. War of the Spanish Succession John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough Prince Eugene Battle of Blenheim Battle of Malplaquet. Spain’s Charles II died childless in 1701

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Blenheim, August 13, 1704

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  1. Blenheim, August 13, 1704 • War of the Spanish Succession • John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough • Prince Eugene • Battle of Blenheim • Battle of Malplaquet

  2. Spain’s Charles II died childless in 1701 France’s Louis XIV claimed Spanish throne because he was the eldest son of Charles’s eldest sister Austria’s Leopold I claimed the throne because he was Charles’s eldest nephew England and Holland opposed union of the French and Spanish thrones

  3. Marlborough’s Way of War • Seek decisive battle in an age of sieges and “limited” war • Two wheeled carts move supplies • Advance depots • Brought gold to buy supplies • “Deserters” who spread misinformation Saxony’s Prince Eugene, once told by Louis XIV to become a priest

  4. WIND DIRECTION

  5. Tallard: “I hope your grace is aware that he has had the honor to defeat the best troops in the world?” Marlborough: “Your lordship excepts, I presume, those who have had the honour to beat them?” Massive victory for outnumbered English Triumph of disciplined infantry, educated artillerymen Cavalry used in exploitation role But no end to the war Consequences of Blenheim

  6. Malplaquet, 1709 • Same general plan as at Blenheim, but French more prepared • French lost 4,500 KIA and Allies lost 6,500 KIA • Then the bloodiest battle in European history

  7. Peace of Utrecht, 1709 • Bourbon Philip V becomes King of Spain, but thrones of Spain and France can never be united • Britain received Gibraltar, Minorca, Newfoundland, and Acadia • Austria received Spanish Netherlands (Belgium)

  8. And birthplace of his most famous descendent Marlborough’s Legacy Blenheim Castle, given to Marlborough as his pension gift

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