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Objective 3.01. Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War. The Debate on the Expansion of Slavery.
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Objective 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
The Debate on the Expansion of Slavery • Anti-slavery movement: F. Douglass, W.L. Garrison, S. Truth, lots of women, many Northerners, the devoutly religious, and any other abolitionists. • Slave codes: threatened masters w/ fines for not disciplining slaves and required legislative approval for freeing a slave. • Underground Railroad: system of routes along which runaway slaves were helped to escape to Canada or to safe areas in the free states. • Harriet Tubman: born into slavery in 1820. Most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad.
Debate on Expansion of Slavery • Popular Sovereignty: citizens voted whether or not they wanted slavery. • Fugitive Slave Act: slaves were denied trial by jury, forbidden to testify at their own trial, returned to slavery on testimony of a single claimant, and claimant received $10 if ruling favored owner ($5 if favored slave). • Missouri Compromise: Maine-free state, Missouri-slave state, and 36’-30” line.
Weak Presidential Leadership • Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Douglas believed in popular sovereignty, whereas Lincoln saw slavery as immoral and wanted emancipation. • Freeport Doctrine: From the 2nd Lincoln-Douglas debate. Slavery could be prevented from any territory by refusal of people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. If the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence.
Growing Sectionalism • Kansas-Nebraska Act: repealed Missouri Compromise and divided the prairies into Kansas and Nebraska. • “Bleeding Kansas”: Kansas territory was a battleground between proslavery and anti-slavery forces. • John Brown and Harper’s Ferry: abolitionist who led attack on Harper’s Ferry (fed. arsenal), Va. Later captured by Robert E. Lee. • Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857): decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1857. Ruled that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the U.S., and Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.
Growing Sectionalism • Sumner-Brooks Incident: insulted Butler (Brooks’ uncle) by accusing him of taking the mistress of slavery and ridiculed him for a speech defect caused by his heart condition (rumor). Sumner-abolitionist, Brooks-proslavery. Brooks beat Sumner w/ cane all the way under the desk in the Senate chamber. Kept beating him until his cane broke. Sumner was never the same.
Rise of the Republican Party • Free Soil Party: political party formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery. A breakaway faction of the Democratic Party and largely absorbed by Republican Party in 1854. • Compromise of 1850: Calif.-free, Texas/N.M. boundary settled, sale of slaves banned in D.C., and all U.S. citizens had to report runaway slaves (regardless of the state). • Republican Party: modern political party formed in 1854 by opponents of slavery in the territories. Abraham Lincoln was the 1st Republican President.
Who is putting the slave in the Freesoiler’s mouth and why? • What party did the Freesoiler become a member of in 1854? • Politically, how was slavery forced down the Freesoiler’s throat.
Who do you think is the bearded man in the depiction? • Why did you pick him? • What seems to be going on?
What do the elephant and donkey represent? • What is happening in the cartoon?
