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Understanding Naming of Ionic Compounds: A Guide to Binary and Polyatomic Ions

This guide explains the systematic naming of ionic compounds, focusing on binary ionic compounds, ionic compounds with transition metals, and those with polyatomic ions. For binary ionic compounds like CaCl2, the cation is named first, followed by the anion with an -ide ending. Transition metals require Roman numerals to indicate their charge, while polyatomic ions retain their regular names. Common examples of ions and their names are provided to aid in understanding and mastering chemical nomenclature.

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Understanding Naming of Ionic Compounds: A Guide to Binary and Polyatomic Ions

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  1. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

  2. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Binary ionic compounds contain only 2 types of elements. CaCl2 1. Name cation first. Cation name is the name of the element. • Ca2+ = calciumion 2. Name anion second. Anion name is the name of the element with ending changed to –ide. Anion = root + -ide Chlorine = Chloride 3. Combine names. The cation is always listed 1st. CaCl2= calcium chloride

  3. Common Anion Names • Fluorine • Fluoride • Chlorine • Chloride • Bromine • Bromide • Iodine • Iodide • Oxygen • Oxide • Sulfur • Sulfide • Nitrogen • Nitride • Phosphorus • Phosphide

  4. Naming Ionic Compounds With Transition Metals • Use Roman numeralto represent charge in name. Determine charge based on TOTAL charge of anions. • NOTE: If metal is not aluminum or a group 1 or 2 element, it must have a Roman numeral. • PbCl2 • Pb2+is cation • PbCl2 = lead (II) chloride

  5. Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic ions are groups of bonded atoms that have an overall charge. • Use regular name of polyatomic ion. • Mg3(PO4)2 • PO43-is phosphate • Mg3(PO4)2 = magnesium phosphate

  6. Common Polyatomic Ions • Ammonium • NH4+ • Chlorate • ClO3- • Bicarbonate • HCO3- • Hydroxide • OH- • Cyanide • CN- • Nitrate • NO3- • Acetate • C2H3O2- • Sulfate • SO42- • Carbonate • CO32- • Phosphate • PO43-

  7. Determining Formula from Name Iron (III) Carbonate • 1. Write formula of cation. • If cation is a transition metal, use Roman numeral to determine charge. • Fe3+ • 2. Write formula of anion. • CO32- • 3. Criss-cross charges to determine formula. • Fe2(CO3)3

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