Skills and Techniques

1. Skills and Techniques

2. Skill what you are trying to achieve A skill has a purpose • Jump – to score a basket/make a header/get over a bar • Throw – to get the ball into an attacking position/to shot as far as possible/ to score a basket • Kick – to get the ball away from the goal/to move in swimming

3. A technique will allow you to achieve that purpose Choose your technique because of confidence/success/situation you find yourself in. Basketball pass – successful at bounce passes/someone is close to you but you are marked/defending player is tall/easier for your teammate to score from pass that is long down.

4. Learning new skills • Gradual build up – • Skill is unknown • Skill is dangerous • Skill can be easily divided into sections that allow you to start at the end and build up the difficulty • Whole –part-whole • Skill is known • Skills can easily be broken down and bits taken out to practice before being practiced as a whole

5. Classification of skill

6. Open/Closed

7. Serial/discrete/continuous • Serial – games skills – performed in a sequence of movements • Layup comes after a pass or dribble and before a rebound • Discrete – A skill that stands on its own • High jump – nothing comes before or after • – a skill that is repeated constantly • Running/cycling/swimming

8. Feedback • Internal/Kinaesthetic – the feel of the movement • External – • Written – collected a scatter diagram of where the shuttle landed • Verbal – teacher told me to straighten my arm • Visual – I watched my classmate perform • Knowledge of results – I could see the ball did not touch the small black square on the backboard.

9. Stages of Learning • Cognitive/learning – in this stage you are trying to understand the skill. Where your hands/feet/ weight should be. How they need to move, the coordination of parts of the skill. • Lots of errors • Lots of positive feedback in small bits, immediately after performance • Most people move quickly through this stage • Hindered by age, disability

10. Associative/practice • At this stage you are still refining the movements and using the skill in different situations. Skills begin to flow and can be used in challenging situations/can be transferred to new situations • Fewer errors • Bigger bits of feedback, immediately and positive • Some people never leave this stage.

11. Automatic • At this stage the skill is performed without conscious effort instead you think about the outcome of the skill – where you will place it, where the opposition is etc. This will allow you more time to think about tactics. • Fewer errors • Feedback can be delayed and given in greater depth • Feedback will mainly be on the outcome of the skill • Some people never reach this stage –

12. Breaking down a skill to learn parts • Preparation – getting stance/hand position/head position ready to perform the skill • Action – actually doing the action that allows the skill to take place • Recovery – what happens after to get body back into position for the next action

13. Model performance criteria • Each skill has a model way of performing and model performers do this each time they use the skill. • Each stage of the skill is broken down into small parts.

14. Overhead clear • Preparation – • Track back under shuttle • Turn side on to net • Bring racket behind head • Weight on back foot • Action • Bring racket through in a throwing action – fast • Hit with straight arm above head • Transfer weight onto front foot • Follow through in direction of shot • Recovery • Move forward onto base • Ready position

15. Principles of effective practice • Must make practices Specific to activity. • Must make practices challenging but achievable • Must vary practices to avoid boredom and tiredness • Must give feedback

16. Methods of practice • Solo – practicing on own – shooting baskets • Shaddow – doing the action without the ball - swinging legs to imitate a kick • Feeder – with a partner – passing • Adapted games – making rules/team sizes/equipment/ facilities suit the skill you are learning.

17. Opposed/unapposed • Unopposed – simple no pressure – can concentrate on skill • Apposed – passive/active defender can build up level of skill as performer gains confidence.