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‘Plant-derived compounds in clinical trials’ ( Saklani and Kutty , 2008)

‘Plant-derived compounds in clinical trials’ ( Saklani and Kutty , 2008). Frances Watkins 29 November 2010. Market Share. Global market valued at $18 billion in 2005 and estimated to be >$26 billion by 2011 A review of 91 plant-derived compounds in clinical trials in Sep 2007

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‘Plant-derived compounds in clinical trials’ ( Saklani and Kutty , 2008)

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  1. ‘Plant-derived compounds in clinical trials’ (Saklani and Kutty, 2008) Frances Watkins 29 November 2010

  2. Market Share • Global market valued at $18 billion in 2005 and estimated to be >$26 billion by 2011 • A review of 91 plant-derived compounds in clinical trials in Sep 2007 • 26 plant based drugs approved/launched between 2000-2006 including Artemotil, Galanthamine and Abraxane

  3. Plant-based anticancer drugs • 56 plant based anticancer drugs in clinical trials • Most promising analogues from Paclitaxel/Taxol, Camptothecin, Combrestatin, Podophyllotoxin and Vinca alkaloids Structure of Taxol

  4. Medicinal Plants • 50% of prescription drugs in last 25 years have been derived from chemicals first identified in plants (Newman and Cragg, 2007) • Ever increasing need to develop new treatments for modern disease and more efficient medications for established health complaints • A growing interest in developing mixtures of natural products from traditional medicines (Harvey, 2008)

  5. Health Applications • Infectious and parasitic disease • Pain and neurological disease • Cardiovascular and metabolic disease • Inflammatory disease • Oncological disease

  6. Traditional Use • Silybummarianum(Asteraceae) used for liver and biliary tract disease – standardised extract in Phase II • Lobelia inflata - an emetic and respiratory stimulant; aid to cease smoking – Lobeline has been used for methamphetamine addiction and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • Xiao ChaiHu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) TCM herbal formulas used for hepatitis, liver cancer and nephritis

  7. Plant Compounds • The greatest contribution to medicine - the alkaloid group: quinine (isolated in 1820), codeine (1832), morphine (1806) and galanthamine (1950s) • Found in 15-30% of all flowering plants in the roots, rhizomes, leaves, bark, fruit or seeds • >40 alkaloids found in Vinca major Galanthusnivalis

  8. Other Metabolites • Catechins found in green tea, grapes, black tea, chocolate and wine • Many lignans i.e. flaxseed are converted by intestinal bacteria and become active metabolites which are then readily absorbed • Essential oils Linumusitatissimum

  9. Ethical Issues • Plants facing threat through excessive harvesting: Hoodiaspecies, Yew, Echinacea and Magnolia • Impact on local communities and environment • Generate sustainable cash crops for biomass – 2 x 108Kg = 7.5 106 bushels Hoodiagordonii

  10. Future Perspectives • Encouraging number of plant-based drugs in clinical trials although a 30% drop compared to pre 2000 (Harvey, 2008) • Modern techniques combined with traditional knowledge will offer a quicker route to drug discovery • Pharmaceutical industry recognising traditional medicinal systems are valuable leads to drug discovery (Verpoorte, 2009)

  11. Thank you • Any questions?

  12. References Harvey, A. (2008) ‘Natural products in drug discovery’. Drug Discovery Today. 13, (19/20), pp.894-901. Newman, DJ and Cragg, GM (2007) ‘Natural products as sources for new drugs over the last 25 years’. Journal Natural Products. 70, pp.461-477. Saklani, A. and Kutty, S.K. (2008) ‘Plant-derived compounds in clinical trials’. Drug Discovery Today. 13, (3/4), pp.161-171. Verpoorte, R. (2009) ‘A systems view on the future of medicine: Inspiration from Chinese medicine?’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 121, pp.479-481.

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