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REQUIREMENTS OF A RADAR FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT

REQUIREMENTS OF A RADAR FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT. By Captain (SA Navy ) Nick Snyman Senior Staff Officer Maritime Technology Directorate Technology Development. AIM. To provide an operational view of radar operating conditions in the maritime environment. SCOPE. Mission of the SA Navy

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REQUIREMENTS OF A RADAR FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT

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  1. REQUIREMENTS OF A RADAR FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT By Captain (SA Navy ) Nick Snyman Senior Staff Officer Maritime Technology Directorate Technology Development

  2. AIM To provide an operational view of radar operating conditions in the maritime environment

  3. SCOPE • Mission of the SA Navy • Maritime environmental conditions • Uses of radar in maritime environment • Operational implications • Conclusion

  4. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

  5. Life at sea is good 5

  6. Pretty sights 6

  7. Beautiful views for a submariner 7

  8. Lovely day in the sun and calm seas 8

  9. Start dreaming that life could not be better ….. And you are expect to see these sights

  10. AND THEN THE REALITY OF SEA LIFE STRIKES!!!!!!!! 10

  11. 11

  12. 12

  13. 14

  14. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (The other side of life at sea) RomanRock.wmv

  15. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS • Clutter (Rain and Sea) • Obscures small contacts • No clear close range picture • Danger to vessels in confined space • Ducting • Ducting increases clutter and increased anomalous propagation • Increased radar range • Multi-pathing

  16. Factors in Radar Equation Multipath Sea & Rain Clutter Clutter

  17. Sea Clutter Illumination AREA

  18. Sea Clutter (SS=3) Clutter = 0 > Radar Horizon

  19. Rain Clutter Illumination VOLUME

  20. Rain Clutter (1mm/hour) Clutter = 0 > Radar Horizon

  21. Sea & Rain Clutter Influence on Detectability in Naval Environment Pd = 32km Pd = 11km FSG FSG Rain Sea Noise Noise

  22. Rain Clutter Contacts

  23. MAGNETRON X-BAND

  24. SOLID STATE X-BAND PULSE COMPRESSION

  25. X-BAND MAGNETRON

  26. SOLID STATE X-BAND PULSE COMPRESSION

  27. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (1) • Clutter (Rain and Sea) • Obscures small contacts • No clear close range picture • Danger to vessels in confined space

  28. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (2) • Ducting • Ducting increases clutter and increased anomalous propagation • Increased radar range

  29. Radar Ducting Ducted beam Normal radar beam

  30. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (3) • Multi-pathing • Cannot detect and track low flying targets • Ineffective radar against fast low flying incoming missiles • Effect of side lobe interference in littoral

  31. Multipath: Principle of Null & Sum Values

  32. Multipath: Range Holes

  33. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (4) • Effect of side lobe interference in littoral

  34. SIDE LOBES

  35. USES OF MARITIME RADAR

  36. USES OF MARITIME RADAR • Collision avoidance • Navigation and Blind pilotage • Good range discrimination • Close range clear picture • High definition

  37. USES OF MARITIME RADAR • Surveillance • Long range, early warning • Close-in surveillance • Range discrimination • 3D picture • Track while scan • Track multiple contacts • Small contacts • Low flying contacts • Tracking radar

  38. OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

  39. OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS • Range discrimination to discriminate between contacts in close proximity • Lack of detection ability in clutter • Missing the target • Own ship detected first • Require recognition and identification ability • Interference from other radars • Antenna height restrictions

  40. Cannot see the spur

  41. Interference caused by radar, clutter and radar shadow Clutter Shadow caused by mast

  42. Radar Picture of land-based radar

  43. CONCLUSION • Surveillance, detection and identification is important to the Navy • Unique maritime environmental conditions affects radar performance • Sea conditions - stability • Sea and rain clutter • Ducting • Muti-pathing • Effect of the littoral on the side lobe contacts • Different types of radar • Navigation • Long range surveillance • Tracking

  44. THANK YOU!! QUESTIONS??

  45. Multipath (“Two-way only!”)

  46. Sea Surface Reflection: (1) Amplitude ~ 100% (2) Phase = 180%

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