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Prioritizing Hydrographic Survey Requirements for Changing Maritime Commerce

Prioritizing Hydrographic Survey Requirements for Changing Maritime Commerce. “Beyond Safety of Navigation” Multibeam & Visualization Workshop July 26, 2004 – Gulfport, Mississippi. US Land Area = 2.7 M snm. NOAA’s Charting Responsibility. Total EEZ = 3.4 Million Sq nm. 1,000 Charts.

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Prioritizing Hydrographic Survey Requirements for Changing Maritime Commerce

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  1. Prioritizing Hydrographic Survey Requirements for Changing Maritime Commerce “Beyond Safety of Navigation” Multibeam & Visualization Workshop July 26, 2004 – Gulfport, Mississippi Latin America Multibeam Workshop, Gulfport, MS

  2. US Land Area = 2.7 M snm NOAA’s Charting Responsibility Total EEZ = 3.4 Million Sq nm 1,000 Charts

  3. CUSTOMERS FIRST COMMERCIAL MILITARY COMMERCIAL FISHING RECREATIONAL NON NAV USERS

  4. Everyone depends on the MTS for something… food, work or play! TagHeuer Watch - Swiss made Imported Port of NY/NJ Renault toy car Made in Taiwan Imported Port of LA/Long Beach Canon Ixus Made in Japan Imported Port of Tacoma Salomon SnowBlades Made in France Imported Port of Philadelphia BMW 3 Series Made in Germany Imported Port of Baltimore Puma Running Shoes Made in China Imported Port of New Orleans From Renault advertisement Brought to you courtesy of the U.S. Marine Transportation System

  5. 95,000 miles of U.S. coastline 25,000 miles of navigable channels All ports, rail and highways -- intermodal links Supports 13M jobs, contributes $742B to U.S. GDP 95% of foreign trade in/out of U.S. by ship 78M recreational boaters; $26B spent in FY00 for boaters Every U.S. citizen relies on the MTS: energy delivery, exports, transportation, cost-effective consumer goods, recreation, environmental protection The MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMThe Nation’s network of oceans, lakes, rivers, canals, locks and dams U.S. Coast Guard

  6. Critical MTS Issues ’99 Report to Congress: An Assessment of the U.S. Marine Transportation System Critical MTS Issues • ECONOMY – total volume of maritime trade will more than DOUBLEin 20 years • INFRASTRUCTURE – Crumbling, undersized, aging; compromises safety • TRAFFIC – More ships, more CONGESTION • SECURITY – Port safety, Military Deployment, Readiness U.S. Coast Guard

  7. Critical MTS Issues (cont.) • SAFETY – 3500 commercial shipping accidents annually on U.S. waterways, 6500 recreational • HAZMAT – over 50% cargo is oil or hazardous material • ENVIRONMENT – Increasing coastal stresses: recreation, development, dredging NOAA St. Petersburg Times

  8. Panama Canal Vessels Forecast TransitsContainer Ships Will Dominate Canal Transits in the Future

  9. Container Ship Evolution *TEU – Trailer Equivalent Unit

  10. 95% by tonnage of all U.S. commerce • 45% by value (about $500 billion) • 50% is hazardous materials • Vessel size is pushing the limits of under keel clearance in many shipping channels. • Maritime Commerce is expected to double over the next 20 years

  11. Regina Maersk REGINA MAERSK Largest container ship to call on US LOA 1043 ft. Beam: 134 ft Draft 57 feet 6,000 TEUs U.S. Coast Guard

  12. Mega ships CHINA SHIPPING HAS 33 VESSELS ON ORDER… 3 ARE 9800 TEU for TRANSIT FROM ASIA TO U.S. WEST COAST

  13. COSCO’s 9800 TEU Vessel = 4900 Trucks Traveling at 60 MPH, that’s a line of trucks stretching over 320 miles down the highway!

  14. 15,000 TEU Containership L.O.A. = 400 m (1,312 ft.) Draft = 14 m (46 ft.) BEAM = 69 m (226 ft.)

  15. Data Needs:Critical Underkeel Clearance Issues require more accurate surveys! 1" of draft = $3M in autos $50K in cargo $100K in coal

  16. TRANSPORTATION MODE COMPARISON – ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY To move 22.5K tons, 1 Tow = 2 ¼ Trains = 900 Trucks Source: Iowa Dept. of Transportation Number of Miles 1 Ton can be carried per gallon of fuel: 59 miles 202 miles 514 miles Source: Environmental Advantages of Inland Barge Transportation, DOT MARAD, 1994

  17. Transport Comparison – Energy/Efficiency TRANSPORTATION MODE COMPARISON – ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY EMISSIONS PRODUCED Pollutants (in pounds) produced in moving one ton of cargo 1,000 miles Towboat Train Truck Hydro-carbon Carbon Monoxide Nitrous Oxide Source: Environmental Advantages of Inland Barge Transportation, DOT MARAD, 1994

  18. THE CRUISE SHIP INDUSTRY GENERATED $18 BILLION IN 2000 • Up From $11B in 1997 / $15B in 1999 • Direct Receipts– goods and services, hotels, restaurants, shopping • Indirect Impacts– sales tax, gratuities

  19. Hubbard Glacier – Yakutat Bay NOAA • Glaciers are receding beyond charted limits • Cruise ships pushing the margin for the view

  20. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities revision March, 2004 Example of Additions to “Critical Areas” • Kodiak Island, AK • Increases in commercial fishing vessel and eco-tour cruise traffic. • Majority of sounding data from 1800’s vintage. • Some areas have never been surveyed. • Area susceptible to significant tectonic changes • Shoreline areas and sounding data reported to be grossly inaccurate. Crit 2004

  21. Additional Critical Area of 1,455 snm added to the GOM to support petroleum industry marine navigation needs

  22. EARTHQUAKES - UPLIFT Hanning Bay fault scarp on southwest Montague Island in Prince William Sound. Ground northwest of the fault (right side of photo) was displaced upward as much as 16 feet with respect to the ground southeast of the fault during the earthquake, but both sides of the fault were uplifted with respect to sea level.

  23. Other Depth Changes Hurricanes – rapid change Sand wave movement Sedimentation/siltation – slow changes Tectonic uplift – Alaska Subsidence – Gulf of Mexico

  24. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities

  25. Bottom Coverage & Vintage by Survey Method Single Beam Multi Beam Leadline Pre - 1940 1998 - Present 1940 - 1998 6

  26. NOAA’s Navigation Services: Surveying

  27. Need for Survey with Modern Technology Pile found in Lake Union, WA Least depth 12 ft. Pipe protruding into shipping channel (Baltimore, MD) Least depth 32 ft. Wreck found in approach lanes to New York. Wreck laid between single beam lines of previous survey in 1975. Least depth 152 ft.

  28. Boston Ship Channel wreck

  29. “Moving” Wreck

  30. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities • Provides a graphical representation of 500,000 snm of “Navigationally Significant” areas, prioritized by need for hydrographic survey with modern technology • Used as a base reference for scheduling hydrographic surveys • 43,000 square nautical miles (snm) of “critical” area first identified in 1994 • Priorities reevaluated and published in the National Survey Plan in November, 2000. • Priorities refined and delineated in greater detail in 2004 • 2004 edition renamed “NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities” (NHSP) November 2000 National Survey Plan March 2004 NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities

  31. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities • Other data sources for determining priorities: • NOAA Regional Navigation Managers • Pilot Associations, Port Authorities, Commercial and State or Local Government marine interests, USCG, USN, etc. • Survey Request File (SURF) • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterborne Transportation Statistics • NOAA Coast Pilot • Judgment and experience of hydrographers in Coast Survey

  32. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities

  33. NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities • Critical Area: • High commercial traffic volume • Extensive petroleum or hazardous material transport • Compelling requests from users • Vessels with low under-keel clearance • Priority One – Five Areas: • Primarily based on vintage of prior surveys and commercial traffic levels • Resurvey Areas: • Areas that require periodic resurvey with modern technology due to natural or human induced affects such as silting, shoal migration, earthquakes and slides, dumping, or changes in marine traffic levels. • (Resurvey areas are still under revision for the 2004 edition of the NHSP)

  34. Mega Problems MEGA PROBLEMS Jessica -- Galapagos Ricardo Mazalan/AP The QE2 National Transportation Safety Board Tug Mauvilla Wilderness Adventure: 3 in 2 months

  35. Exxon Valdez 1 2 3 4 NOAA’s Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) The Exxon Valdez Alarms/Warnings 1. Crossing into separation scheme 2. Crossing into inbound lane 3. Crossing out of traffic scheme 4. Crossing safety depth value Bligh Reef “WARNING, SHOAL AHEAD!” Photos: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council

  36. Houston Ship Channel: The Texas Chicken U.S. Coast Guard

  37. The Texas Chicken

  38. USCG Automatic Identification System (AIS) ENC’s critical to Vessel Traffic Safety, Port Security

  39. Resource and Data Sharing • Essential Fish Habitat • Coral Reef Mapping • Tsunami Inundation Mapping • Storm surge modeling • National Marine Sanctuaries • Ocean Exploration

  40. Data Holdings to Mitigate Coastal Hazards Pre - Event PRODUCT USES • Model Potential Storm Surge • Earthquake and Fault Studies • Sediment and Pollutant Studies • Coastal Planning and Ecosystem Eval. • Digital Hydrographic Data

  41. What data are made by SWMB systems? • The intensity of the acoustic return of each beam • Referred to as “Backscatter” Oyster bed mapping

  42. Better Understanding of Geologic Processes

  43. SPECIFICATIONS AND DELIVERABLES • DATUMS • HYDRO POSITION CONTROL • TIDES & WATER LEVELS • DEPTH SOUNDING • TOWED SIDE SCAN SONAR • OTHER DATA • DELIVERABLES

  44. SPECIFICATIONS AND DELIVERABLES DOCUMENT http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/ Office of Coast Survey Website Click on Hydrographic Surveys then Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables

  45. NOAA BATHY-TOPO PROJECT Flight into Tampa Bay, Florida

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