MODULE “PLANNING AND PREPARATION FOR DECOMMISSIONING”

1. MODULE “PLANNING AND PREPARATION FOR DECOMMISSIONING” DECOMMISSIONING MANAGEMENT SAFE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

2. CONTENTS • Characterization of decommissioning activities • Timing and sequencing of activities, working programs • Stages of planning (initial, ongoing and final planning) Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

3. TRAINING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of training trainees should be able to: • Identify and characterize the decommissioning activities. • Explain the structure of activities and the relations between them. • Describe the ALARA related radiation protection measures for development of working programs. • Describe the process of sequencing of activities and decommissioning working programs development. • Explain the characteristics of stages and scope of initial, ongoing and final planning. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

4. MAIN ACTIVITIES OF DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS • Removal of spent nuclear fuel in reactor spent fuel pool and replacement of non-irradiated and cooled fuel close to reactor facility building; • Processing, concentration and disposal or storage of operational RAW; • Decontamination prior dismantling, dismantling, demolition and processing, concentration and disposal or storage of decommissioning RAW; • Restoration of site (demolition) and its return to environment or utilization for another nuclear facility. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

5. POTENTIAL RISK Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

6. NUCLEAR FUEL AND OPERATATIONAL WASTE • Activities are permitted with nuclear facility operational license. • Activities are related to significant decrease of inventory radioactivity. • Greater part of hazard is eliminated. • Spent fuel management influences hazard decrease. • A general safety requirement and sometimes a requirement of national legislation is removal of all nuclear materials and particularly of spent nuclear fuel from facility at beginning of decommissioning process. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

7. OPERATIONAL WASTE Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

8. DISMANTLING AND MANAGEMENT OF DECOMMISSIONING RAW • Forms and quality of radioactive products: • type of structures; • total period of operation; • history of operation. • Typical radioactive inventory - 1016 Bq - 1018 Bq. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

9. MAIN DECOMMISSIONING TECHNOLOGIES • Decontamination prior dismantling • Dismantling • Decontamination after dismantling • Decontamination of structure surfaces • Dosimetric control • Demolition, re-cultivation of site • Processing, conditioning, storage, transport and disposal of RAW • Management of non-contaminated waste • Other activities under nuclear facility decommissioning Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

10. MAIN DECOMMISSIONING TECHNOLOGIES Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

11. OTHER ACTIVITIES AT NUCLEAR FACILITY DECOMMISSIONING • Document development; • Activities related to final shutdown of nuclear facility; • Activities related to providing for safe enclosure or enclosure under surveillance; • Activities related to maintenance of safe enclosure and enclosure under surveillance; • Activities of management during decommissioning. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

12. PROGNOZING AND ASSESSING STAFF DOSE LOADING • When planning the activities, it is possible to really assess individual and collective doses. • Dose decreasing measures need to be planned. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

13. APPLICATION OF ALARA PRINCIPLE • ALARA commission • Working programs • Procedure to demonstrate reasonably achieved level of radiation protection • Change of sequence for different decommissioning actions Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

14. RESPONSIBILITIES OF LICENSEE • Planning of: • safe; • timely and • cost effective decommissioning of the facility. • Periodically review of the preliminary planning; • Review of the financing system; • Documenting of changes in buildings and facilities; • Operational events database maintenance; • Preparation and submittal of application for decommissioning. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

15. DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

16. PREPARATIONS FOR DECOMMISSIONING • Identification of activities to be implemented • Identification of resources needed for them Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

17. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

18. DECOMMISSIONING PROJECT MANAGEMENT • Example for decision making on particular subproject in the context of general decommissioning strategy: • if work is safety related, it has to be immediately done; • when work contributes to another benefit, it has to be done when practically possible; • if work would decrease total decommissioning costs, then it is expected to be done; • if work implementation is important because of other considerations in favour of operator, it is to be performed if it is financed. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

19. A PROJECT RISK ASSESSMENT • Decide the scope of the assessment; • Identify the risks to project costs and time scales, their likelihood of occurrence, their consequences and thus identify those that are significant; • Perform sensitivity studies to test the identification of significant risks; • Put in place actions to manage these risks; • Review and revise as work progresses. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

20. CONTRACT STRATEGY DEFINITION • Issues: • Is partnership with small group of contractors to be sought? • To what extent will risk be declined to the contractor? • Will internal and external suppliers compete? • Constraints: • nature of national legislation; • licensing mode; • regulations that additionally restrict what can be delegated to contractors. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

21. MONITORING OF PROGRESS – KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS • Safety: • Injury frequency rate per number of person-hours worked; • Actual radiation doses compared to pre-job assessments; • Events reportable to the regulators. • Project: • Project lifetime decommissioning costs; • Material and waste volume quantities; • Surveillance costs; • Site infrastructure costs; • Staffing numbers; • Expenditure profiles– planned and actual earned value; • Estimated cost of sub projects to completion versus sanctioned sums; • Milestones achieved. • Other indicators Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

22. ACTIVITY SEQUENCE, WORKING PROGRAMS • Planning within framework of one project – per subprojects; • Further dividing: • floor (level); • room; • technology. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

23. 2012 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2010 2011 2013 2014 2001 2008 2009 2015 Cleaning Mélusine Dismantling Cleaning Siloé Dismantling Formation Siloette Fuel removal Cleaning Dismantling R&D Lama Operation for others site facilities Cleaning Dismantling Production Sted INB 36 Cleaning (waste treatment equipments) Dismantling HL Waste disposal Sted INB 79 HL Waste evacuation - Cleaning Dismantling AN EXAMPLE OF SCHEDULE Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

24. DECOMMISSIONING SUCCESS CRITERIA • Careful and organized planning; • Adequate financial resources ensuring; • Safety assessment in correspondence with complexity and potential risks. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

25. INITIAL PLANNING • Initial plan for decommissioning supports the application for new reactor construction license. • Low level of detailing. • Demonstrates possibilities for implementation of decommissioning. • Contains data for costs and means for decommissioning work financing. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

26. ONGOING PLANNING • The decommissioning plan should be reviewed, updated and made more comprehensive with respect to: • Technological developments in decommissioning; • Incidents that may have occurred; • Amendments in regulations and government policy; • Cost estimates and financial provisions; • Safety considerations, based on operational experience and on information reflecting improved technology; • All significant systems and structural changes during plant operation. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

27. FINAL PLANNING • Initiate detailed studies; • Finalize proposals for decommissioning; • Submit an application; • Submit the final decommissioning plan for review and approval by the regulatory body. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

28. REFERENCES • Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, Safety Guide, SS № WS-G-2.1 (1999) • Organization and Management for the Decommissioning of Large Nuclear Facility, TRS № 399 (2000) • The Decommissioning of WWER-Type Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA-TECDOC-1133 (2000) • Planning, Organizational and Management Aspects of Decommissioning: Lessons Learned, IAEA-TECDOC-1394 (2004) • The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management, SS № 111-F (1995) Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”