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Measurements

Discover the fascinating world of measurements - from traditional units like gallons and fathoms to the International System of Units (SI). Learn how to convert between different measurement systems, such as Fahrenheit to Celsius or pounds to grams. Explore various unit prefixes from mega to pico and understand their significance. This guide will provide you with the knowledge to accurately compare and convert measurements, making it easier to navigate everyday situations that involve quantifying dimensions, weights, and volumes.

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Measurements

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  1. Measurements

  2. How do we measure things? • Televisions – • 20” screen • not a 50.8 cm screen • Milk – • Quarts, pints, gallons • not liters or milliliters

  3. Interesting Measurements • Fathoms • Depth of water • Drams or Scruples • Weight for apothecary • Hands • Height of a horse • Pennyweights, slugs, square perches, circular mils, sections, grains

  4. How do we know how much? How do we compare these measurements? Conversions!

  5. Conversions • Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius • (Degrees F – 32) x 5 / 9 • Degrees Celsius Degrees Kelvin • (Degrees C + 273.18) • Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit • (Degrees C x 9 / 5) + 32

  6. Conversions 1 Foot = 30.48 centimeters 1 Foot = 0.3048 meters 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 1 kilometer = 3280.8 feet 1 kilometer = 0.62137 miles 1 yard = 0.9144 meters

  7. Too Hard? Lets look at a better way!

  8. International System of Units • SI for short • Base 10 system – everything is simple, easy. • No commas • 1,000 (not correct) 1 000 (correct) • No periods after symbols • Gram = g meter = m liter = L not: g. m. L. • In 1988, the SI became the standard measurement for trade and commerce in the United States.

  9. Base Units Mass = Grams (g) - symbol is a lower-case g Length = Meter (m) - symbol is a lower-case m Volume = Liter (L) - symbol is an upper-case L

  10. Prefixes • Tera (T) • Means 1 Trillion (1 000 000 000 000) • Giga (G) • Means 1 Billion (1 000 000 000) • Mega (M) • Means 1 Million (1 000 000) • Kilo (k) • Means 1 Thousand (1 000) • Hecto (h) • Means 1 Hundred (100) • Deka (da) • Means Ten (10)

  11. Prefixes • Deci (d) • One-tenth • Centi (c) • One - hundredth • Milli (m) • One- thousandth • Micro ( µ ) • One-millionth • Nano (n) • One-billionth • Pico (p) • One-trillionth

  12. Example 1 1 Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram Gram (g)

  13. Example 2 Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter Meter (m)

  14. Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter Liter (L)

  15. Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes Byte (B)

  16. Data Tables • Data tables are used to record and explain data • While doing experiments • Record measurements, descriptions, other observations • While analyzing results • Organize ideas and data • To show statistics or results • Easy to explain results to others

  17. Example: IPOD Song List Each column has a heading Rows can have headings too Titles are descriptive of what is in the table

  18. Example from an Experiment

  19. How to create a table • Look at the information you have (or want to get) • Decide on a title (theme) for your table • Label columns (and rows) • Columns are vertical • Rows are horizontal

  20. How to create Drawings When using a microscope, draw the entire viewing field Write the Magnification that was used to create your drawing Be as clear and accurate as possible Magnification: 100X

  21. How to create Drawings Make sure to show size, shape and location of anatomical structures. Again, drawings should be as clear and accurate as possible.

  22. Labeling Drawings • When labeling drawings: • 1. Use a RULER to draw label lines. • 2. Label lines should point to the CENTER of the structure being labeled. • 3. Writing should never be on the lines. • 4. All labels should be PRINTED HORIZONTALLY • 5. When possible, label the right-hand side of the drawing • 6. Do not cross label lines.

  23. Correct Labels Cell Wall Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Magnification: 100X

  24. Averages Sometimes it is necessary to find the average of a group of numbers. What do you do? #1. Add all the items in the group together. #2. Divide by the total number of items.

  25. Average Example • Find the average of the following ages of students: 10, 12, 11, 10, 12 Add them all together: 10 Then, divide by 12 the number of 11 items in the list. 10 + 1255 / 5 = 11 55 Average = 11

  26. Rounding • What if there is a decimal? • Round to what it says to. • Tenth • Hundredth • Thousandth • If 6 and above, round up • If 5, then look to the next number (when in doubt, round up) • If 4 and below, round down

  27. Examples • Round to the tenth: • 1.34 • 6.54 • 3.89 • 4.65 • Round to the hundredth: • 35.987 • 6.444 • 3.918 • 8.022

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