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Securing Frame Communication in Browsers

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Learn how to secure frame communication in browsers to prevent attacks and enhance confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Discover the latest APIs and protocols for safe inter-frame messaging.

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Securing Frame Communication in Browsers

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  1. Securing Frame Communication in Browsers Collin Jackson Joint work with Adam Barth and John C. Mitchell

  2. Why use frames? Modularity Brings together content from multiple sources Client-side aggregation Isolation Different frames can represent different principals Can’t script each other Frame can draw only on its own rectangle Easier than sanitization src = google.com/… name = awglogin src = 7.gmodules.com/... name = remote_iframe_7

  3. Threat Model • Web attacker • Controls attacker.com ($5) • Can obtain SSL/TLS certificate for attacker.com ($0) • User visits attacker.com • Optional additional assumption: Gets to embeds a malicious gadget (ad) on integrator site • Stronger threat models • Network attacker: Can inspect or corrupt traffic • Malware attacker: Already escapedfrom the browser

  4. Frame Navigation Who decides a frame’s content? A frame can navigate any frame. Permissive Policy

  5. window.open("https://www.attacker.com/...", "awglogin") window.open("https://www.google.com/...") Guninski Attack awglogin

  6. Window Policy A frame can navigate frames in its own window.

  7. Gadget Hijacking top.frames[1].location = "http:/www.attacker.com/...“; top.frames[2].location = "http:/www.attacker.com/...“; ...

  8. Gadget Hijacking

  9. Policy Testing

  10. Ancestor Policy A frame can navigate its descendants. Parent Policy A frame can navigate its children.    

  11. Frame Navigation Policies

  12. Frame Navigation Policies

  13. Frame Communication

  14. Fragment Identifier Messaging • Send information by navigating a frame • http://gadget.com/#hello • Navigating to fragment doesn’t reload frame • No network traffic, but frame can read its fragment • Not a secure channel • Confidentiality • Integrity • Authentication   

  15. Fix: Improve the protocol • Proposed Needham-Schroeder-Lowe • Adoption • Microsoft: Windows Live Channels library • IBM: OpenAjax Hub 1.1

  16. postMessage    • New API for inter-frame communication • Supported in latest betas of many browsers • Not a secure channel • Confidentiality • Integrity • Authentication

  17. Reply Attack

  18. Fix: Improve the API • Let the sending specify the recipient • frame[0].postMessage(“Hello”, “http://gadget.com”) • Can omit argument if confidentiality not required • Adoption • Firefox 3 • Internet Explorer 8 • Safari 3.1

  19. Conclusion • All proposals deployed to real users • Frame isolation • Improved frame navigation policy • Fixed Guninski and Gadget Hijacking • Drive-by-downloads still a concern… • Frame communication • Secured fragment identifier messaging • Secured new postMessage API

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