Chapter 1 Review (Foundations)

1. Chapter 1 Review (Foundations)

2. Multiple Choice An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world. • Science • Observation • Conclusion • Manipulated variable

3. True or False The goals of science are to give explanations for natural events, to understand patterns, and to make predictions. True

4. Fill in the Blank open minded Scientists must be _____-_______. They must be willing to listen to new ideas without evidence.

5. Multiple Choice A logical conclusion based on evidence or what is already known. • Manipulated variable • Inference • Theory • Data

6. True or False Science almost always proves things in absolute terms. False Science rarely proves things in absolute terms.

7. Fill in the Blank Experiments with multiple trials that include large sample sizes that are randomly selected help reduce sources of __________. error

8. Multiple Choice The act of noticing and describing what is happening in an orderly way. • Conclusion • Controlled variable • Observation • Bias

9. True or False Scientists often define “scientific uncertainty” as being 95% sure that cause and effect have been correctly identified. True

10. Fill in the Blank skeptics Scientists are ________ , which means that they question existing ideas and hypotheses. They also do not believe ideas without evidence.

11. Multiple Choice A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested. • Conclusion • Peer Review • Skepticism • Hypothesis

12. True or False Peer review does not make sure that a piece of work is correct, but it does make sure the work meets standards set by the scientific community. True

13. Fill in the Blank Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity are scientific __________ or attributes that all good scientists share that lead them to exploration and discovery. attitudes

14. Multiple Choice A statement of how the responding variable will change in response to changes in the manipulated variable. • Prediction • Observation • Validity • Reliability

15. True or False Biology is the study of life. True

16. Fill in the Blank All organisms store information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code written in a molecule called ______. DNA

17. Multiple Choice An experiment in which only one variable is changed. • Procedure or process • Protocol • Controlled experiment • Analytic investigation

18. True or False Homeostasis is a signal to which a living thing reacts. False A stimulus is a signal to which a living thing reacts.

19. Fill in the Blank The chemical reactions through which a living thing builds up or breaks down materials are called_____________. metabolism

20. Multiple Choice The result or consequence of an action, influence, or casual event. • Effect • Selection • Inference • Cause

21. True or False Evolutionary change links all forms of life to a common origin more than 3.5 billion years ago. True

22. Fill in the Blank All forms of life are connected into a __________ , which means “living planet.” biosphere

23. Multiple Choice The factor of a system being investigated that is changed to determine that factor’s relationship to the responding variable. • Prediction • Control group • Controlled variable • Manipulated variable

24. True or False The prefix that means 1000 is milli. False The prefix that means 1000 is kilo.

25. Fill in the Blank Most scientists use the ________ system when gathering data and doing experiments. metric

26. Multiple Choice Mistakes of perception, measurement, or process during an investigation; an incorrect result or discrepancy. • Cause • Observation • Inference • Error

27. True or False When scientists explain “why” something happens, their explanation is about only nature. Science does not include ethical or moral views. True

28. Fill in the Blank Sometimes, _______ keeps scientists from doing certain kinds of experiments, such as cloning people. ethics

29. Multiple Choice Observations, measurements, or data collected through established and recognized scientific processes. • Evidence • Hypotheses • Theories • Consequences

30. True or False Controlled experiments typically involve testing two or more variables at a time. False Controlled experiments involve testing only one variable at a time.

31. Fill in the Blank In the leaf toughness experiment, the leaf’s exposure to sunlight was the ____________ variable and how easily the leaf ripped was the ___________ variable . manipulated responding

32. Multiple Choice The factor of a system being investigated that changes in response to the manipulated variable and is measured. • Quantitative data • Responding variable • Controlled variable • Qualitative data

33. True or False Placing the rip-o-meter’s binder clip in the same position on each leaf tested is an example of a controlled variable. True

34. Fill in the Blank Comparing the toughness of leaves as a function of branch position was best graphed using a ___________________ chart. Scatter plot

35. Multiple Choice The conditions that are kept the same from trial to trial in a laboratory investigation. • Controlled variables • Responding variable • Manipulated variable • Quantitative data

36. True or False In the leaf toughness lab, a strong correlation was found between branch position and ease of ripping. False In the leaf toughness lab, no correlation was found between branch position and ease of ripping.

37. Fill in the Blank conclude In the leaf toughness lab, we can __________ from the data that our hypothesis, which stated that older leaves would be tougher to rip than younger leaves, was not supported by the evidence.

38. Multiple Choice An investigation under which the conditions for a phenomenon to occur are arranged beforehand by the investigator. • Variable • Experiment • Trial • Effect

39. True or False A strong correlation implies causation. False Remember the example about shoe size and math ability among children showing a strong correlation, but certainly no causation.

40. Draw a Graph Draw a scatterplot graph that shows a strong correlation between two variables.

41. Multiple Choice The part of a controlled experiment that is treated the same as the experimental set-up except for one manipulated variable. • Qualitative data • Conclusion • Control group • Observations

42. Multiple Choice Records of experimental observations. • Inferences • Bias • Experimental group • Data

43. Draw a Graph Draw a scatterplot graph that shows little or no correlation between two variables.

44. Multiple Choice Data that consists of numbers that are found by measuring or counting. • Variables • Qualitative • Quantitative • Sources of Error

45. Multiple Choice Data that consists of descriptions because they cannot be counted. • Variables • Qualitative • Quantitative • Measurements

46. Draw a Graph Draw a plot of averages with error bars showing a significant difference between two sets of data.

47. Multiple Choice An agent or condition that could cause a change. • Factor • Observation • Effect • Hypothesis

48. Multiple Choice An attribute of an investigation that describes the degree of confidence that data collected and logical inferences are accurate representations of the phenomena being investigated. • Theory • Control • Validity • Hypothesis

49. Multiple Choice Repetitions of data collection procedures in an investigation . • Trials • Quantitative data • Inferences • Experimental group

50. Multiple Choice The attitude in scientific thinking that emphasizes that no fact or principle can be known with complete certainty; the view that all knowledge is uncertain. • Open-mindedness • Skepticism • Bias • Conclusions