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ZebraNet: Innovative Tracking of Wildlife Using Wireless Sensor Networks

ZebraNet is a pioneering project from Princeton University's Department of Electrical Engineering, designed to track wildlife, specifically zebras, in areas lacking cellular coverage. By utilizing intelligent tracking collars with GPS and environmental sensors, this wireless ad-hoc network enables biologists to collect real-time data on animal behavior, temperature, and interactions. The system’s peer-to-peer communication enhances connectivity and data aggregation to research stations. With its robust design and power-efficient operation, ZebraNet marks a significant advancement in wildlife tracking technology.

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ZebraNet: Innovative Tracking of Wildlife Using Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. The ZebraNet Wild Life Tracker Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University

  2. Road Map • Background • ZebraNet: Problem Statement • ZebraNet Design Details • Protocol Design Tradeoffs • Current Status

  3. Background • Sensor nets • In areas without cellular coverage • Using peer-to-peer communication • With “ad hoc” methods for discovering network routes and keeping them up to date

  4. ZebraNet • Biologists want to track animals • ZebraNet: Wireless ad hoc network of zebras… • Intelligent tracking collars placed on sampled set of zebras • Sensor network: data collected includes GPS position info, temperature,

  5. Current GPS position sample every 3 minutes Sun/Shade indication Detailed position sampling: Standing still or moving? Speed? “Step rate”. Future Head up or down: “bite rate” Body temperature Heart rate Interactions with other species ZebraCam Data to track: What are the sensors in this net?

  6. Challenge • Need sufficiently long range • Power generation & storage: Power efficiency • serious bandwidth and computational needs • Reliability & fault tolerance • Good physical design for ruggedness • Variable frequency for use in US & Kenya

  7. ZebraNet Block Diagram

  8. ZebraNet sensor • Weight: 1090 grams (2.4lbs) • Designed to operate for 5 days without solar recharge • Energy saving tricks • Baby picture

  9. Basic Operation System • Nodes collect logs of GPS position and other information. • Peer-to-peer communication aggregates data back to researcher base station • Research station is not fixed. Rather, it moves and is only intermittently available

  10. Protocol tradeoff • Flooding: Every 3 minutes, zebras look for other zebras in range. Send to everyone they find. • History-Based: Every 3 minutes, zebras look for others in range. Of the ones found, only send to one: the one with the best success rate at delivering data.

  11. Current Status • January 2-24, 2004: ZebraNet heads to Kenya for its first test deployment! They were at the Mpala Research Centre and deploying nodes on zebras at the Sweetwaters Reserve.

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