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Group – II Water Management and Dry land Farming. Department of Agriculture Andhra Pradesh . National Conference on Agriculture Kharif Campaign - 2012. Extent of Dry land / Rainfed areas under different Rainfall Zones.
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Group – II Water Management and Dry land Farming Department of Agriculture Andhra Pradesh National Conference on AgricultureKharif Campaign - 2012
Extent of Dry land / Rainfed areas under different Rainfall Zones
Extent of Dry land / Rainfed areas under different Rainfall Zones – 2009-10 (Area in 000’ ha) Source: D.E.S
District wise Normal Rainfall, Irrigated areas, Rainfed areas & Cropping Intensity Source: D.E.S
Andhra Pradesh – Agro-Climatic Zones Source:- ANGRAU
Erratic behavior of Rainfall leading to often Droughts Prolonged dry spells / Excess rains during critical stages of crop growth leading to reduction in yields / crop failure Degraded & poor soils often subjected to runoff and soil erosion Limited scope for crop diversification / contingent cropping etc. Lack of adequate animal and mechanical traction Non availability of credit to resource poor & tenant farmers The inability of farmers to market, surplus produce – lack of storage facility Poor transport facilities and road network in rural areas Small & Marginal holdings– difficulty in use of farm machinery Shortage of labour in dry lands – Migration to commands and urban areas Dominated by resource poor and small and marginal farmers Inadequate extension reach for technology dissemination Shortage of grass lands / green fodder – obstacle for integrated farming Major Constraints
Andhra Pradesh – Natural Disasters • Disaster prone state • Every year we face either Drought, Floods, Cyclones or Hailstorm • It impacts large cropped areas reducing production and productivity • Year wise position for last 15 years is given below
(Contd..) Source: Dept. of Agril
Abstract Source: NBSS & LUP
2.89 40.38 55.68
Sulphur Deficiency in Andhra Pradesh Source: ANGRAU
Yield gaps between irrigated and rainfed areas of important crops
Yield gaps between irrigated and rainfed areas of important crops – 2009-10 (Kgs / ha) Source: D.E.S
District wise Irrigation Source and Coverage – 2009-10 (Area in 000 ha) • The area irrigated under canals is 14.45 lakh ha • The area irrigated by Tubewells & Dugwells is 22.83 lakh ha Source: D.E.S
Status of Groundwater Development • 85 % of the state is covered by hard rock areas • The groundwater is concentrated in certain pockets and is exploited • Compact and unconsolidated rocks have limited porosity and permeability hence less recharge capacity MCM: Million Cubic Meters Number of Watersheds and Mandals in Different Categories Source: Groundwater Dept.
Source: NBSS & LUP • Over exploited, Critical and Semi-critical category are groundwater stress areas requiring high priority for conservation • Intensive development of groundwater to take place in water logging areas to release surplus canal supplies to water starved areas.
Graphical Analysis of PET with Monthly Rainfall PET - Potential Evapo -transpiration
Current Fallows (Area in 000 ha) * Drought Year Normal Rainfall - 940 mm NB:- 1. There is a direct relation between the rainfall pattern and the extent of fallows 2. In drought year the fallows will increased
During Kharif-2011 crop holiday was observed in 13 mandals of East Godavari district • An area of about 34000 ha was left fallow Reasons • Late release of canal water • MSP not covering the actual cost of production • Non-enforcement of existing MSP • High cost of cultivation on account of high cost of labour and inputs • Non-availability of labour in peak season of agricultural operation on account of NREGS • Non-availability of the Credit and quality inputs in time • Ineffective procurement • Insufficient storage space • Poor drainage maintenance • Apprehensions about AP Land licensed cultivators ordinance • Delayed settlements of crop insurance Other Reasons for Current fallows
(Lakh ha) Shift in Cropping Pattern
Reasons for increase in crop areas • The area under paddy and pulses increased due to NFSM interventions and supply of inputs on subsidy • Area under maize increased due to its short duration and remunerative price and the crop was comparatively free from pest and diseases • With the introduction of Bt Cotton the incidence of helicoverpa was reduced, yields increased and prices are remunerative hence area increased Reasons for decrease in crop areas • Groundnut, Castor and Sunflower which are basically rainfed crops, area reduced due to un-remunerative prices and drought • Out break of pest and diseases like PSND (Peanut Stem Necrosis Disease) in Groundnut, • Semilooper and capsule borer in castor, Bihar Hairy Caterpillar in sunflower and ill fillings of heads in sunflower. • Non availability of good quality hybrid sunflower and castor seed also contributed to the decline in oilseed area • The area under sugar cane reduced due to increased cost of labour and high cost on PP measures • Area in Jowar & Bajra was replaced by Cotton and Maize in rainfed areas. Reasons for shift in Cropping pattern
Analysis of fertility Index of NPK 2002-2010 Range :- Low -0-1.66, Medium – 1.66-2.33, High - >2.33
Micronutrients Status Percent below critical level (Deficient)