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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. CAUSES. British interfere with American shipping Impressment /freedom of the seas : British seizure of U.S. sailors in the Atlantic & forced to serve in navy. Non – Intercourse Act: U.S. would resume trade with countries who lifted shipping restrictions against U.S.

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812

  2. CAUSES • British interfere with American shipping • Impressment/freedom of the seas: British seizure of U.S. sailors in the Atlantic & forced to serve in navy. • Non – Intercourse Act: U.S. would resume trade with countries who lifted shipping restrictions against U.S. • Macon’s Bill #2: U.S. resumed trade with France & gov. placed trade restrictions on British 2. British interfere with U.S expansion • Battle of Tippecanoe – U.S. vs. Native Am & British. U.S. wins, but Native Am. Continue to fight 3. Southerners want control of Fla. Which is controlled by Britain's ally, Spain.

  3. CAUSES 4. War Hawks want to expel Britain completely from North American • War Hawks Represented who?: represented farmers & settlers from the South & West • Famous people: John C. Calhoun (S.C.) & Henry Clay (Ky) • Why push for war?: restore national honor. U.S. tried to avoid involvement in wars between Britain & France • Why invade Canada?: to stop Native Am. Raids, deprive Native Am. Of their main source of weapons, & drive British out of Canada & North America

  4. BATTLES • Invasion of Canada fails • Jefferson’s argument: with a population of 8 mill. the U.S. could easily defeat Canada • Save $ - overland invasion would save cost of building a navy • Why failed?: invasion attempts were defeated by British & Native Am. Embarrassed the U.S. 2. Defeating the Native Americans - Retake Detroit: Oliver Hazard Perry defeated British on Lake Erie

  5. BATTLES • Defeat of Native Americans: Tecumseh killed, Andrew Jackson crushed Creek Indians in Tenn., then invades Fla. & defeated Seminoles 3. The British Invade – 1814. Occupied Maine, invaded through northern New York, went through Maryland to D.C. & burned the White House. Attack at New Orleans . Most battles ended in British defeat

  6. OUTCOMES Francis Scott Key – wrote the Star Spangled Banner (poem) during the British invasion Who Won? No one – the war was a draw. Battle of New Orleans - U.S. greatest victory came after war was over. Jackson gained great military reputation for success against British in battle (future president) Treaty of Ghent – (peace treaty) restored pre-war boundaries for U.S. & Canada. U.S. saw war as a win b/c it looked like Jackson forced Br. to make peace. Noble defense of the nation Hartford Convention - surge of Nationalism & confidence in republic. Nation survived a difficult war.

  7. OUTCOMES Federalist Party – embarrassed for not supporting the popular war. Disappeared How did the war of 1812 help to develop a national identity? Created new states from added territory, Indiana, Miss., Illinois, & Alabama. U.S. became bigger and stronger. (stood up to British again). People identify themselves as Americans not just by their state/region

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