Updating works on GHG emission research & extension from Paddy Rice in Vietnam

1. Updating works on GHG emission research & extension from Paddy Rice in Vietnam Dr. Pham Quang Ha Speaker at 2017 Asia Sub-Group Meeting of the Paddy Rice Research Group Tsukuba, Sept. 2, 2017

2. Vietnam Action on NAMA/MRV (2013) and GHG reduction in Agriculture sectors Vietnamese Guide for NAMA’s activities Mard’s Program on GHG reduction

3. http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep26279 Some selective publications • Quynh Duong Vu, Andreas de Neergaard, Toan Duc Tran, Quan Quang Hoang, Proyuth Ly,Tien Minh Tran, Lars Stoumann Jensen (2015) Manure, biogas digestate and crop residue management affects methane gas emissions from rice paddy fields on Vietnamese smallholder livestock farms,Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. pp 1-18, First online: 14 October 2015 • Trinh, Mai Van, Tesfai, Mehreteab, Borrell, Andrew, Nagothu, Udaya Sekhar, Bui, Thi Phuong Loan,Quynh, Vu Duong and Thanh, Le Quoc (2016)Effect of organic, inorganic and slow-release urea fertilisers on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy fields. Paddy and Water Environment, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10333-016-0551-1  • Bui Phuong Loan (2015). Sustainable paddy in Red river delta through recycling crop residues toward fertilizer usage and toward green-house gases emission reduction. Funded by ADB. • Meryl Richards, Ruth Metzel, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Proyuth Ly, George Nyamadzawo, Quynh Duong Vu, Andreas de Neergaard, Myles Oelofse, Eva Wollenberg, Emma Keller, Daniella Malin, Jørgen E. Olesen, Jonathan Hillier & Todd S. Rosenstock (2015). Limits of agricultural greenhouse gas calculators to predict soil N2O and CH4 fluxes in tropical agriculture http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/srep26279

4. Vietnam’s Nationally Determinated Contribution (NDC) in Agriculture Options relative with rice production: Planning & Implementation of NAMA (2015) Low carbon technologies 4/15 Mitigations options • A2. Re-Use agricultural Residue • A3: AWD in rice cultivation in small and large scale • A4: Biochar for Rice fields • A5: Integrated crop management (ICM for Rice)

5. Production & Monitoring Guide for GHG measurement in paddy rice in Vietnamese (2016) Guide for Smart Rice Production in Vietnam (2015)

6. Learnt & learning Cases • MIRSA/Japan ( Rice Central Vietnam) • CLUES/ Australia ( Climate change Land uses/ Rice in MRD) • LCASP (Including mitigation and adaption in rice) • SRP (Sust. Rice Platform), UNEP and IRRI). 11 provinces • Enhancing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) Readiness: Building Capacity in Integrated Food and Energy System in Vietnam (UNJP/VIE/054/UNJ) • AgResult GHG Emission Reduction pilot project in Red River Delta. Multi-donor (Push Mechanism)=> Prize payed when target obtained). RRD

7. Tool for extension: Verification in large scale? Modelling process Remote sensing RIICE in Vietnam: Remote sensing-based Information and Insurance for Crop (WWW.RIICE .ORG) presents results of rice monitoring in Vietnam ( Yield forecast and product estimation at commune and district levels by radar satellite image processing) Remote Sensing Data Collection Platform • DNDC: Modelling, calibration and application

8. Phuong Do et al. 2017 RIICE Project Remote sensing-based Information and Insurance for Crops in Emerging economies By Do NGu Hà Nội, 26 May 2017

9. Objectives Rice production monitoring • Timely provide crop information to MARD. • Information delivery to other partners and support crop insurance. Estimation of yield & production

10. Specific tasks • Monitoring at commune level. • Covering a large area (10 provinces). • Daily weather data collection. • Monthly crop cultivation progress information collection. • Online reporting. • Applications of cutting-edge technologies in surveying and monitoring rice information system. • Online WebGIS. • Close connections with MARD, DARDs, Dep. Of Crop Production, Center for Informatics and Statistics, General Statistics Office.

11. Scope, partners PHASE – II 2015 - 2017 Duration: 5/2015 – 5/2017

12. Technologies ESA’s free radar imagery (Sentinel-1A/B) Radar satellite image processing system from Sarmap IRRI’s yield model (ORYZA) Pocket LAI measurement from Cassandra Open-sourced GIS software (QGIS) GISCloud and GeoServer web map services

13. Methodology 6/12-day satellite image acquisition Time-series satellite image analysis Field surveys Soil, weather, fertilizers, water, varieties, ... • Rice extent mapping • Yield, product estimation • Damage assessment

14. Sites 10 Province • Yield forecast, • product estimation • Mid-season • End-season District 120 Commune 2630 Total monitoring area: 860,000 ha/1 season, accounting for 30% total national rice extent

15. Monitoring rice phenological status

16. Monitoring rice phenological status

17. Rice monitoring bulletin publication: 11 MRD - 20/5/2016 RRD - 13/6/2016 RRD - 22/8/2016 RRD - 17/9/2016 MRD - 30/9/2016 MRD - 08/03/2017 RRD - 20/05/2017 RRD - 15/11/2016 MRD - 30/11/2016 RRD - 05/01/2017

18. Rice monitoring database http://webgis.riicevn.org/2016/05/webgis.html

19. Field survey database 45 Surveys 44,000 Geo-tagged photos

20. Update project activities http://www.riicevn.org

21. Project GIS database Basemaps Area, yield summary Land use Weather Rice monitoring GeoDatabase

22. How to scaling up: An other story from AgResult Research and Innovation AgResults VIETNAM GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION PILOT (2014-2020) (www.AgResult.org) • Phase preparation (2014-2016) • Phase test (2017-2018) • Phase scaling up (2018-2020)

23. AgResults Pilot introduction 1. The Pilot was designed to identify novel approaches for: The Pilot anticipates reaching up to 75,000 farm households in RRD and reducing emissions by approximately 375,000 tCO2e (may result in cost savings of around 15 percent to SHFs due to lower input use). 2. The difference from other projects in Vietnam is the application of PULL-mechanism (# PUSH-mechanism incentive) Reducing GHG emissions Increasing yields in rice cultivation PUSH MECHANISM PULL MECHANISM Giving incentives for farmer/orgarnization/interprise base-on their results (reducing GHGs emission and increasing rice yield) after each crop and whole process Support seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, training cost, money… for farmer/organization/enterprise who participate in the projects

24. The pilot in preparation phase (2015) Before pilot implementation, a field consultant has carried out by IAE with 5 categories as following: 1 Assess potential interest in Pilot participation Gauge the national and local government pilot approval process 2 Select a province in the Red River Delta 3 Validate verification approaches ( sampling, modelling and remote-sensing) 4 Validate prize values 5

25. Research team worked at the Dept. of Agricultural and Rural Development in Thái Bình province (2015). (With Mrs. Nguyễn Thị Nga– Vice director of DARD and Mrs Đoàn Hương Sơn – Vice head of Dept of Crop production; Mr. Nguyễn Xuân Thanh - Vice head of Dept of Crop Production and plant protection; Mr. Nguyễn Như Liên – Director of Agricultural Extension; Mr. Dương Văn Vĩnh – Head of Agricultural Extension office in Kien Xuong district )

26. Vietnam GHG Emissions Reduction in Rice Production Pilot is now testing ! (since summer 2017) • The AgResults Vietnam GHG Emissions Reduction Pilot is a four-year, US $8 million pull mechanism that aims to develop, test, and scale up innovative technologies, tools, and approaches in land preparation and rice production stages to reduce GHG emissions and increase rice yield. • Focusing on the Thai Binh province in the Red River Delta, the pilot will provide results-based monetary incentives to a diverse pool of actors who successfully test and scale technologies that increase yields and reduce GHG emissions in rice production.

27. Vietnam GHG Emissions Reduction in Rice Production Pilot • The pilot will be conducted in two phases. Phase I, beginning in the Summer of 2017, consists of two growing seasons during which accepted organizations will test their technologies. • Phase II, which begins in Spring 2019, consists of four consecutive growing seasons during which organizations who have proven the viability of their Phase I technology will demonstrate their ability to scale that technology to the greatest number of smallholder farmers. • The pilot is managed by SNV Vietnam.

28. Structure of the Prizes

30. Fields implementations Test(Summer 2017)

32. Technologies Being Tested in Rice Production • # Fertilizer use • Rice Husk and Rice Straw residues Management • Water management • Tillage practices • Organic Management • Rice varieties (short duration)

34. Thank you very much