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Introduction IPCC reports IPCC Assessment reports IPCC Special reports IPCC Guidelines

Topic A2. Slide 2 of 26. Outline. Introduction IPCC reports IPCC Assessment reports IPCC Special reports IPCC Guidelines Wetlands in the IPCC processes Evolution of IPCC guidelines 1996 Guidelines 2000 Good practice guidance 2006 Guidelines 2013 Supplement on wetlands Summary.

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Introduction IPCC reports IPCC Assessment reports IPCC Special reports IPCC Guidelines

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  1. Topic A2. Slide 2 of 26 Outline • Introduction • IPCC reports • IPCC Assessment reports • IPCC Special reports • IPCC Guidelines • Wetlands in the IPCC processes • Evolution of IPCC guidelines • 1996 Guidelines • 2000 Good practice guidance • 2006 Guidelines • 2013 Supplement on wetlands • Summary

  2. Topic A2. Slide 3 of 26 Introduction • Established by WMO and UNEP in 1988 • Open to all member countries of the United Nations • Does not conduct research or monitor but assessment of published literature • Provide rigorous and balanced scientific information to decision-makers • IPCC reports are policy relevant and policy neutral; they are never policy prescriptive • Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2007

  3. Topic A2. Slide 4 of 26 IPCC Plenary IPCC Secretariat IPCC Bureau IPCC Executive Committee Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Working Group I The Physical Science Basis Working Group III Mitigation of Climate Change Working Group II Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability TSU TSU TSU TSU Authors – Contributors – Reviewers – Review Editors Peer-reviewed scientific, technical and socioeconomic literature

  4. Topic A2. Slide 5 of 26 IPCC reports • Assessment reports (prepared by three working groups) • Special reports (prepared by the relevant working groups) • Guidelines for national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories (prepared by a task force on national GHG inventories)

  5. Topic A2. Slide 6 of 26 IPCC assessment reports • First global synthesis, 1990 • Subsequent reports • Second assessment report (SAR), 1995 • Third assessment report (TAR), 2001 • Fourth assessment report (AR4), 2007 • Fifth assessment report (AR5), 2013/2014

  6. Topic A2. Slide 7 of 26 IPCC assessment report:Working Group 1: The physical science basis • Observation of changes in: • Greenhouse gas concentrations • Temperature • Extent of ice sheets • Sea level rise • Climate modeling and projections • Findings and key uncertainties

  7. Topic A2. Slide 8 of 26 IPCC assessments: Working Group 2: Climate change impacts, adaptationand vulnerability) • Observed impacts • Responding to climate change • Adaptive capacity • Key vulnerability • Information considered by sector and region

  8. Topic A2. Slide 9 of 26 IPCC asessment reportsWorking Group 3: Mitigation of climate change • How to: • decrease GHG emissions • increase activities that remove GHGs from the atmosphere • All sectors considered • Cost/benefit analysis of mitigation • Policies, measures and instruments

  9. Topic A2. Slide 10 of 26 IPCC special reports • Emission scenarios (SRES, 2000) • Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF, 2000) • Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS, 2005) • (REN, 2008) • (EX, 2012)

  10. Topic A2. Slide 11 of 26 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories • Consistent methods for countries to account for: • GHG emissions • Changes in carbon stocks • Changes in land use that result in changes in GHG emissions and/or carbon stocks • For all sectors including: energy; transport; buildings; industry; agriculture, forestry, and other land-use (AFOLU); and waste management Vol 4. AFOLU

  11. Topic A2. Slide 12 of 26 Evolution of IPCC Guidelinesfor national GHG inventories

  12. Topic A2. Slide 13 of 26 1996 IPCC Guidelines • Agriculture and land-use change and forestry (LUCF) are separate sectors • Focus on the most important activities resulting in GHG emissions/removals • LUCF (changes in forest & other woody biomass stocks, forest and grassland conversion, abandonment of managed lands, CO2 emissions and removals from soil) • Agriculture (enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, agricultural soils, prescribed burning of savannas, field burning of agricultural residues)

  13. Topic A2. Slide 14 of 26 IPCC Good practice guidance • Different methodological tiers (Tier 1, 2 & 3) • Identification of key categories • QA/QC • Documentation, reporting and archiving • Uncertainties

  14. Topic A2. Slide 15 of 26 2006 IPCC Guidelines • Integration of Agriculture and LUCF/LULUCF sectors into ‘Agriculture Forestry and Land Use’ (AFOLU) to remove inconsistencies and double counting • Retained the basic structure of GPG-LULUCF • Managed land as a proxy for anthropogenic emissions • Inclusion and consolidation of several previously optional categories (e.g. N2O emissions from peatlands, carbon stocks in settlements) • Guidance on Harvested Wood Products • Refinement of methods and improved defaults

  15. Topic A2. Slide 16 of 26 Greenhouse gas inventory: Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU)

  16. Topic A2. Slide 17 of 26 Developing emission factors Stock-change Flux-difference approach

  17. Topic A2. Slide 18 of 26 Initial Land Areas Tracking activity data and changes from land-use change Forest Land (managed, plantation) Forest Land (managed, rain forest) Forest Land (managed, peat bog) Forest Land (unmanaged) Forest land (Mangrove) Final Area Settlements Other Land Grassland Wetlands Cropland Forest Land (unmanaged) 12 12 Forest Land (managed, rain forest) 43 43 Forest Land (managed, peat bog) 6 6 Forest land (Mangrove) 61 61 Forest Land (managed, plantation) 10 1 17 1 29 Grassland 29 29 Final Land Areas Cropland 1 1 1 3 Wetlands 5 5 Settlements 1 1 2 4 Other Land 2 2 Initial area 12 55 8 61 18 29 2 5 2 2 Net change 0 -12 -2 0 11 0 1 0 2 0

  18. Topic A2. Slide 19 of 26 Three hierarchical methodological tiers IPCC Guidelines mentioned three possible levels of complexity of approaches These have been formalized under three methodological tiers (Tier 1, 2 & 3) under GPG-LULUCF and 2006 Guidelines that have included progressively detailed methods for them. Tier 1: A simple first order approach that uses spatially coarse default data based on globally available data characterized by large uncertainties and sometimes with methods involving several simplifying assumptions; Tier 2: A more accurate approach substituting country or region specific values for the general defaults and more disaggregated activity data characterized by relatively smaller uncertainties; Tier 3: Higher order methods involving detailed modeling and/or inventory measurement systems driven by data at a greater resolution that provide estimates with lower uncertainties than the previous two methods.

  19. Topic A2. Slide 20 of 26 ha/y x ton/ha = ton/y

  20. Topic A2. Slide 21 of 26 Wetlands in 2006 IPCC Guidelines • Wetlands include any land that is covered or saturated by water for all or part of the year • Guidance is restricted to managed wetlands or wetlands created through human activity • Emissions from unmanaged ecosystems such as natural wetlands, rivers and lakes are not reported • The guidance is spread across different land uses (organic soils)

  21. Topic A2. Slide 22 of 26 Wetlands in 2006 IPCC Guidelines

  22. Topic A2. Slide 23 of 26 2013 Supplementto the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands • Introduction • Drained inland organic soils • Rewetted organic soils • Coastal wetlands • Inland wetland organic soils • Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment • Cross-cutting issues and reporting http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/home/wetlands.html

  23. Topic A2. Slide 24 of 26 Summary Methodologies to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands have gone through various processes and improvements The needs for capacity building and research on tropical wetlands are huge, especially in relation to Chapters 2, 3 and 4 Estimating emission factors and tallying activity data in a systematic way is key to reducing uncertainties Science plays a key role in generating knowledge and improving methodologies

  24. Topic A2. Slide 25 of 26 References IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]. 2003. Good practice guidance for land-use, land-use change and forestry. Hayama, Japan: IGES. IPCC[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. In Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T and Tanabe K. (eds). Hayama, Japan: IGES. IPCC[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]. 2013. 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC guideline for national greenhouse gas inventories: Wetlands. Hayama, Japan: IGES.

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