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“The Nucleus: Not Just a Sack of Chromosomes”

“The Nucleus: Not Just a Sack of Chromosomes”. Eunnie, Stephen, Shane and Meagan. Electron Micrograph. Image from answers.com. Artist’s Rendition or “Nucleus Cartooneus”. Image from McGraw-Hill. Eunnie’s Nucleus Comparison. What is the Nucleus?. From the latin word for “kernel” or “nut”

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“The Nucleus: Not Just a Sack of Chromosomes”

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  1. “The Nucleus: Not Just a Sack of Chromosomes” Eunnie, Stephen, Shane and Meagan

  2. Electron Micrograph Image from answers.com

  3. Artist’s Rendition or “Nucleus Cartooneus” Image from McGraw-Hill

  4. Eunnie’s Nucleus Comparison

  5. What is the Nucleus? • From the latin word for “kernel” or “nut” • Control centre of the cell • Contains most of the cell’s genetic material • It’s function is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell • Found only in eukaryotic cells

  6. Structure • Typically located in the centre of the cell • Most eukaryotic cells possess one nucleus, although the cells of fungi and some other groups may have several nuclei.

  7. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounded by a double membrane, similar to that of the cell, known as nuclear membrane • Nuclear pores allow movement of molecules such as mRNA across the membrane • Nuclear pores are filled with proteins that act as gatekeepers.

  8. Nucleoplasm • The nucleoplasm or nuclear sap, a liquid filled with genetic material known as chromatin • Chromatin contain the cell’s genetic material, DNA, as well as protein • When the cell is dividing, chromatin coils into chromosomes which appear shorter and fatter.

  9. Nucleolus • Produces and assembles ribosomes • There can be more than one nucleolus in one nucleus • The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin

  10. Diseases • Chromosomal abnormalities occur when there is an error in cell division following meiosis or mitosis • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) • When an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 • Turner Syndrome • When an individual is born with only one sex chromosome, an X • Cancers, Cystic Fibrosis

  11. Ribosomes Image from answers.com

  12. Ribosomes • Serve as the site of protein synthesis • Assembles proteins by the process of translation • Two types of ribosomes: • Free ribosomes, move around freely in the cytoplasm • Membrane-bound ribosomes, bound to the endoplasmic reticulum • Among the most complex molecular assemblies found in cells

  13. Diseases • Alzheimer’s Disease • Decreased activity of ribosomal genes • Associated with psychosis and depression

  14. References • Biology seventh edition, McGraw-Hill • Wikipedia • Bio 11 textbook

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