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What is Information?

What is Information?. Information Pyramid Symbols, data, information, knowledge Data only become information when they are processed Information and information record (or document/medium/carrier) Information is integrated into knowledge Definition Information related terminologies

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What is Information?

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  1. What is Information? • Information Pyramid • Symbols, data, information, knowledge • Data only become information when they are processed • Information and information record (or document/medium/carrier) • Information is integrated into knowledge • Definition • Information related terminologies • Examples: information service, information technology, etc.. • Definitions • Merriam-Webster and Britannica • Examples • “Information is data that have been organized and communicated”—by Marc Porat • “a record of resolved uncertainty”—Richard Derr • “Information denotes any stimulus that alters cognitive structure in the recevier”—William Paisley

  2. Definitions of Information • Disciplines: • Communication: information as object • Mathematic: information as knowledge • Computer science: information as technology • Physics: information as waves • Psychology: information as stimulus • Law: information as privacy • Economic: information as commodity (money) • Information science: resource? • Perspectives: • Technical perspective: medium, data, structure, security • Application perspective: resource, interaction between users • Communication perspective: exist only in communication • Social perspective: property, culture, privacy • Information Characteristics • Good/bad, correct/incorrect • Complete/incomplete, perfect/imperfect • Others?( important/unimportant ?)

  3. Information as process S: source M(S): message sent M(R): message received I: information K(1): knowledge 1 K(2): knowledge 2 b a A loop: adjust channel to change any disparities between sender and receiver B loop: feedback that tries to change the message sent M(S) Adapapted from Vickery, Brian and Alina Vickery, Information Science in Theory and Pratice, 42, Rev. ed. London: Bowker-Saur, 1992

  4. Issues related • The channel may distort or lose information • Technical problems • Social/psychological interference • Ideological/political intervention • Others? (information organization/indexing/presentation/?) • Feedback • Time • Positive/negative • Explicit/tacit

  5. Challenges in the information communication process • Technical level • Effectiveness, efficiency, integrity, safety, etc. • Semantic level • Content misunderstanding between information sender and receiver (e.g. different culture, ages, background) • Influential/pragmatic level • Reaction of the receiver • Results or effects of the message • Presentation level • Information organization • Information presentation

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