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Fascism

Fascism. Fascism. a.A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.

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Fascism

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  1. Fascism

  2. Fascism • a.A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. • b.A political philosophy or movement based on or advocating such a system of government. • 2.Oppressive, dictatorial control.

  3. Fascism • Model-Napoleon I • Restoration of the glory of France • Military conquest • Prevention of political opposition • Secret police • Control of the press • Propaganda • Strict censorship

  4. Fascism • Italy after WWI • Impoverished • Got less from treaty than hoped • Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) • Socialist • School teacher • Syndicalist • Irredentist

  5. Fascism • Reversed political direction 1914 • Joined the army • Wounded (in grenade practice) • Edited Popolo D’Italia • Founded Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria • Founded the Fasci de Combattimento • Fascism becomes a political movement

  6. Fascism • Formation of Fascisti • “Black Shirts” • Elected to Parliament 1921 • Gains support of Industrialists/Agrarians • OK’s strike braking • Lawlessness/anarchy spread in Italy • Becomes Premier 1922

  7. Fascism • 1925-26 • Introduces strict censorship • Outlaws opposition parties • Assumes dictatorial powers • Head of government • Head of the party

  8. Fascism • Trade unions deprived of any independence • integrated into "corporative system” • The aim: place all Italians in various professional organizations or "corporations,” all under governmental control • Newspaper editors personally chosen by Mussolini • Teachers in schools and universities had to swear an oath to defend the Fascist regime

  9. Fascism • Late 1920’s • In order to woo industrialists Mussolini allowed private owner ship • 1930‘s he began moving to the opposite extreme of rigid governmental control of industry • Foreign policy • Aggressive nationalism • Albania • Lybia • Ethiopia • Opposed by League of Nations • Causes Mussolini to throw in w/ Hitler

  10. Fascism • Actively supports Franco 1936-’39 • Chairs the Munich Pact 1938 • ’39 announces annexation of • Malta • Corsica • Tunis

  11. Fascism • 22 May 1939 Pact of Steel w/ Germany • If it should happen, against the wishes and hopes of the Contracting Parties, that one of them becomes involved in military complications with another power or other Powers, the other Contracting Party will immediately step to its side as an ally and will support it with all its military might on land, at sea, and in the air.

  12. Fascism • Germany • Economy destroyed • War guilt • Reparations • Loss of Territory • “Stabbed in the back” • Politicians • Industrialists • Bankers • Jews

  13. Fascism • Hitler “…that maniac of ferocious genius” Churchill • Austrian born • Failed in school • Artist • Draft dodger • 5 years in Vienna • Hatred for Jews • 1914 crossed to Germany • Joins German Army

  14. Fascism • Bavarian Infantry Regiment • Runner • Corporal • Iron Cross 3d class • Gassed Oct 1918 • Germany surrenders while he is in hospital • 1920 Joins debating society • German workers party • Renamed National Socialist German Workers Party(Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) • 1921 Party reorganized • Hitler as chairman

  15. Fascism • Attracted veterans • Paramilitary • Revolutionary • Ludendorf • 8 November 1923 attempted the "beer-hall putsch” Munich • Overthrow government • Arrested

  16. Fascism • Sentenced to 5 years • Serves 9 months • Writes Mein Kampf • Decides to work w/in political system • Nazi party grows slowly till 1929 • Acquired German citizenship • Ran for president 1932 • Lost • Paul von Hindenburg

  17. Fascism • Wooed Industrialists/bankers • Anti-communist • Anti union • Super race • Scapegoat • Chancellor January 1933 • Promises elections • Burns the Reichstag • Communist signal for revolution • Voted emergency powers

  18. Fascism • Communist/Socialist parties under ban • Election gives Nazis majority • Enabling Law • 7 April 1933 Nazi officials put in charge of all local government in the provinces • 2 May 1933, trades unions abolished funds taken leaders put in prison • 14 July 1933 illegal to form a new political party Nazi Party the only legal political party in Germany

  19. Fascism • August 1934 • Von Hindenburg dies • Hitler combines President and Chancellor • “Der Fuehrer”

  20. Fascism • The Nazi Party-a shadow government • 1. The Fuehrer • 2. Reichsleiter Party Directorate (16) • 3. Gauleiter Regional leader (42) • 4. Kreisleiter Subdivision of Gau • 5. Ortsgruppenleiter 1,500-3000 households • 6. Zellenleiter 4-8 city blocks • 7. Blockleiter 40-60 households

  21. Fascism • Ideology • Extremely loose • Based very much on “anti” • Anti-treaty • Anti-Semitic • Anti-Communist • Anti-Capitalist • Nationalistic

  22. Fascism • Nazis did much better at accomplishing nationalistic efforts than socialistic ones • Centralized economic planning • Centralized industry

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