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Fascism

Fascism. Fascism. a right wing ideology which emphasizes the needs of the state over those of the individual. Fascism. extreme nationalism militarism imperialism racism autocracy glorification of the past. Germany (1919 - 1923). instability of the Weimar Government

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Fascism

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  1. Fascism

  2. Fascism • a right wing ideology which emphasizes the needs of the state over those of the individual

  3. Fascism • extreme nationalism • militarism • imperialism • racism • autocracy • glorification of the past

  4. Germany(1919 - 1923) • instability of the Weimar Government • reparation payments = hyperinflation • several attempts to overthrow the gov’t • rise of extremist groups

  5. Treaty of Versailles • Article 231 (War Guilt Clause) led to the popularity of any political party promising to make Germany strong again

  6. Fear of Communism • 1919 Spartacist revolt = fear of a communist revolution • the Nazis promised to eliminate the communists = support from the middle class and industrialists

  7. “69 Years of Tribute” Dissatisfaction with the Weimar Government • it signed the Treaty of Versailles • inability to pull Germany out of the Great Depression after 1929 Coal is Bread

  8. French Invasion of the Ruhr • 1923 - when Germany could not pay reparation payments France sent forces into the Ruhr • they confiscated coal and shipped it to France • this lead to hyperinflation in Germany

  9. Price index July 1914 1.0 Jan 1919 2.6 July 1919 3.4 Jan 1920 12.6 Jan 1921 14.4 July 1921 14.3 Jan 1922 36.7 July 1922 100.6 Jan 1923 2,785 July 1923 194,000 Nov 1923 726,000,000,000 Hyperinflation 1920: A 50 Mark Note: (a reasonable denomination) 1923: A 20 TRILLION Mark Note: ("Milliarden" means a million million)

  10. Munich Putsch • 1923 – seeking to overthrow the gov’t of Bavaria Hitler led an coup • It failed; he was jailed (yes it rhymes)

  11. Mein Kampf • after being sentenced to prison for the Munich Putsch Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

  12. charismatic appeal of Hitler • very popular and mesmerizing speaker • promised what the Germans wanted to hear

  13. the Great Depression • crisis theory • economic hardship meant Germans leaned to the far left and far right (Communism or Fascism)

  14. SA • brown shirts • hired thugs (paramilitary force)

  15. NSDAP • National Socialist German Worker’s Party • “Nazis” was originally a derogatory nickname

  16. Article 48 • Article 48 of the Weimar constitution allowed the President to govern by decree during a national emergency • it was used frequently between 1929-1933 and Hitler used it to manipulate the March 1933 national elections

  17. President von Hindenburg • President of the Weimar Republic from 1925-34 • he was sympathetic toward the Nazi because of their goal to make Germany stronger and their anti-communist stance

  18. The Reichstag Fire • February 1933 • the German parliament buildings were destroyed by fire • Hitler blamed the Communists • Article 48 was used to restrict the electoral activities of the opposition parties

  19. The Enabling Act Yes! • March 1933 • Hitler used intimidation to force the passage of the Enabling Act • this gave him emergency dictatorial powers for 4 years Leader we follow you!

  20. lebensraum • “living space” • Germany needed room for its expanded population

  21. heimat • a chance to create a racially pure state (aryan race) • how do you get rid of non-aryans

  22. Nuremburg Laws • defined German citizenship on racial grounds • non-aryans were not granted citizenship • the creation on a heimat implied the removal of non-aryans

  23. Night of the Broken Glass • Kristallnacht • Jewish shops were destroyed and goods confiscated

  24. Holocaust • genocide • concentration camps • extermination camps

  25. SS • Black Shirts • replaced the SA • associated with concentration camps

  26. Clip from America in the 20th Century: World War II: The Road to War (2003) Approximately 3 mins

  27. Night of the Long Knives • upper leadership of the SA were executed • Hitler perceived them as a threat to his leadership “They salute with both hands now”

  28. Nazi Plans • labour unions • public works • economic planning • transportation system

  29. labour unions • labour unions outlawed • strikes banned • the government created “Labour Front” At a time like today We remain Comrades The German Worker’s Front

  30. public works • nation-wide public works programs to reduce unemployment All Germany hears the leader with the radio

  31. economic planning • 4 year plans • encouraged the growth of large corporations • the economy was largely based on war economy Germany lives

  32. transportation system • modern transportation system was built • massive highway system (Autobahns) National paved highway

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