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Understanding Sound Waves: Properties, Perception, and Applications in Medicine

This unit explores the nature of sound waves, including their formation and propagation through different mediums. Sound is defined as a compressional wave created by vibrations, resulting in a series of compressions and rarefactions. The unit covers the anatomy of the human ear, explaining how sound is collected, amplified, and converted into nerve impulses. Key concepts include loudness, pitch, echoes, and the Doppler Effect, alongside the use of sound waves in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as ultrasounds.

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Understanding Sound Waves: Properties, Perception, and Applications in Medicine

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 5Waves Ch. 21 Sec. 1 & 2 What is Sound?

  2. Sound Waves • sound - a compressional wave caused by vibrations that make air molecules move back & forth • a sound wave is a series of compressions (dense air molecules) & rarefactions(spread out air molecules) • speed of sound is… • fastest through solids • slowest through gases • faster at high temps. • slower at low temps.

  3. Human Ear • 3 Main Parts: • outer ear - collects sound • middle ear - amplifiessound when vibrations of the eardrum are passed to 3 small bones • inner ear - convertssound when vibrations are passed to cells in the cochleaand then create nerve impulses which travel to the brain • disease, age, & exposure to loud sounds damage hearing

  4. Intensity & Loudness • loudness - human perception of the energy in a sound wave • represented by the decibel (dB) scale • more energy = higher amplitude = louder • http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/sound-pitch-loudness-timbre.htm

  5. Frequency & Pitch • pitch - how high or low a sound seems • high frequency = high pitch [direct relationship] • shorter, thinner vocal cords = higher pitch • http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/sound-pitch-loudness-timbre.htm

  6. Echoes • echo - a sound wave reflected off a hard surface • can be used w/ sonar to map the ocean floor • can be used w/ echolocation to navigate & hunt

  7. The Doppler Effect • Dopplereffect- change in frequency that occurs when a sound source or listener is in motion • ex. as a siren approaches, higher frequency causes a higher pitch • ex. as a siren passes, lower frequency causes a lower pitch • http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/physics/home/animations3/waves/DopplerEffectTrain.html

  8. Using Sound in Medicine • sound waves can be used in medicine… • can view body parts • ultrasounds can destroy kidney stones • can view developing fetuses

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