SAFETY

1. SAFETY

2. Explosive Hazards of Petroleum Products Health Hazards of Petroleum Products Fire Prevention Housekeeping and Shop Safety Personal Protective Equipment for Petroleum Products Overview

3. Liquid Oxygen Liquid Nitrogen Personal Protective Equipment for Cryogenic Products Cryogenic First Aid Overview

4. Explosive Hazards • Petroleum products are fire/explosion hazards due to their volatility and flammability • Volatility (ease of evaporation) • Change from a liquid to a vapor state • Temperature dependant • The higher the temperature the faster the liquid vaporizes

5. Explosive Hazards • Fire/Explosion Hazards • Vapors produced by an evaporating product make it a hazard

6. Explosive Hazards • Flammability • Depends upon amount of vapors produced • Liquid fuels vaporize much faster than most other substances • Fuel vapors will collect in low spots

7. Explosive Hazards • Two Critical Temperatures that determine the flammability of fuel • Flashpoint • Firepoint

8. Health Hazards • Hazardous Chemical in Fuels • Fuel is toxic which has a poisonous effect on the human body • This poisonous effect is amplified if it contains benzene or tetraethyl lead

9. Health Hazards • Benzene • All fuels contain benzene • May have a toxic effect on the blood & blood forming tissues • Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) • Heavy, oily, poisonous liquid • Leaded fuels • Effects central nervous system

10. 3 ways to enter the body Health Hazards

11. Health Hazards • Inhalation • Symptoms headache, nausea, dizziness, & unconsciousness • Asphyxiation (suffocation) • Prevention • Work upwind or ventilated areas • First Aid • Remove victim • Obtain prompt medical attention • Administer CPR (if qualified)

12. Health Hazards • Ingestion -- Symptons- throat/stomach burn, headache, diarrhea & nausea -- Toxicity is increased if product contains TEL -- First Aid • DO NOT induce vomiting • Drink plenty of water • Administer CPR (if qualified)

13. Health Hazards • Absorption • Most common • Fuel removes protective oils, causes cracking and chapping, chemical burns, and possible blood poisoning • First Aid • Wash with soap and water & apply lotion

14. Health Hazards • Absorption • First Aid • If victim is drenched, remove soaked clothing - Avoid any ignition source - Take shower - Dress in clean clothing • If fuel gets in eyes, flush with LARGE amounts of water and get medical attention immediately

15. JP-8 Fire Prevention 3 elements necessary to have a fire Oxygen Fuel Vapors Ignition Source (heat)

16. To prevent a fire, one of the elements must be removed - Ignition source is the only element that can be controlled Static electricity, matches, vehicle exhaust systems are all examples of an ignition source Fire Prevention

17. Clothing Safety Requirements All types of clothing can generate sufficient static charges Any type of clothing may be worn as an outer garment when servicing aircraft with High Flashpoint Fuels (JP5, JP8, JP-10) Fire Prevention

18. Clothing Safety Requirements When servicing with Low FlashpointFuels (MUR, JP-4) clothing containing more than 65% of any combination or mixture of: shall not be worn as an outer garment Fire Prevention Nylon Wool Rayon Polyester

19. Clothing Safety Requirements Do not put on or remove outer garments, to include fuel soaked clothing, in the FSSZ; which is an area within 50 feet of a pressurized fuel carrying servicing component (Hose, nozzle, filter sep.), and within 25 feet of A/C fuel tank vent outlets Fire Prevention

20. Clothing Safety Requirements Undergarments can be made of any material Footwear No exposed nails or metal plates Fire Prevention

21. Smoking Restrictions Matches or lighters will not be handled No smoking/flames within 50 ft of flammable liquids Smoking restrictions must be posted 50 ft from any fuel storage area Fire Prevention

22. Electrical Equipment and Fixtures Must be explosion proof Air and dust particles can cause build-up of static Fire Prevention

23. Eye and face protection Hearing protection Personal protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

24. Cryogenic burns are caused by: Extreme cold Boiling point is –297oF Frostbite Supports combustion Shock sensitive 1 cubic foot of LOX will produce 860 cubic feet of gaseous oxygen Liquid Oxygen

25. Cryogenic burns are caused by: Extreme cold Boiling point of –321oF Frostbite Asphyxiation 1 cubic foot of LIN will produce 695 cubic feet of gaseous nitrogen Liquid Nitrogen

26. PPE is MANDATORY During the transfer of liquid oxygen or nitrogen you must wear (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

27. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Headgear • Face shield • Apron • Approved leather gloves with wool inserts • Long sleeves • Over boots (LOX only) • White coveralls ( LOX only)

28. Remove victim from hazardous area NOTE: If victim is overcome by LIN vapors, do not attempt to rescue individual by yourself Loosen or remove any clothing Wrap exposed area in cotton blanket DO NOT attempt to warm frozen body parts Get medical attention immediately Cryogenic First Aid

29. Explosive Hazards of Petroleum Products Health Hazards of Petroleum Products Fire Prevention Housekeeping and Shop Safety Personal Protective Equipment for Petroleum Products Summary

30. Liquid Oxygen Liquid Nitrogen Personal Protective Equipment for Cryogenic Products Cryogenic First Aid Summary