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What is ACSA ??

What is ACSA ??. Why bother ?? Here are some thoughts…. Computers: Fine exponents of the present days’ technological wave Solid and trusted performance, indispensable support in many fields Moore’s law on computer performance still holding ( barely? )

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What is ACSA ??

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  1. Summer Semester 2007

  2. What is ACSA ??

  3. Why bother ??Here are some thoughts… • Computers: • Fine exponents of the present days’ technological wave • Solid and trusted performance, indispensable support in many fields • Moore’s law on computer performance still holding (barely?) • Two major problems(according to Gigascale) • Of the small: caused by device shrinking – dominant thus far, industry’s main focus and investment • Of the large: enormity of design verification and manufacturing-test tasks – now a limitation for industrial progress

  4. Should we care ??Here are some more thoughts… • Physical limits of current, conventional technologies approaching fast (also financial limits!) • Intel’s 90nm Prescott chip already close to the thermal wall • need to individually place atoms inside chips throughout 2010's • Moore’s law breakdown forecasted around 2018 (source: Intel) • ITRS – two near- and longer-term challenges: • sustaining the 17% annual increase in performance • developing beyond CMOS materials and applications

  5. Who says this ??

  6. Are there any alternatives ?? Emerging Technologies and CMOS • Speed • Size • Cost • Switching Energy Source: ITRS report – 2004 update

  7. What about this course ?? • New computing architectures: • Biologically-inspired computing • First part of the semester • Molecular and DNA computing • Nanoelectronics, … • New computing paradigms: • Quantum computing • Second part of the semester • Reversible computing • Adiabatic computing, …

  8. Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? • Tradition: engineering and science have developed along separate tracks • Natural scientist – a detective:seeking toanalyze existing processes, toexplain their operation, to model them, and topredict their future behavior • Engineer – a builder:tries tocreate artificial systems (bridges, cars, electronic devices) based on a set ofspecifications (a description) and a set ofprimitives (elementary components such as bricks, beams, wires, motors, and transistors)

  9. Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? (2) • Present days: • scientists use tools created by engineers • engineers allured by certain natural processes • Living organisms – complex systems exhibiting a range of desirable characteristics difficult to realize using traditional engineering methodologies • evolution • adaptation • fault tolerance

  10. Living organisms ?? • Living systems characterized by agenetic program (the genome), that guides their development, their functioning,and their death • Considering life on Earth since its very beginning, three levels of organization distinguished: • phylogeny • ontogeny • epigenesis

  11. Phylogeny • First level of organization considered for living systems • Temporal evolution of the genetic program (the genome) concerned • Replication based on genome multiplying – low error rate at individual level • Genetic mechanisms fundamentally nondeterministic –> genetic diversity -> survavibility

  12. Ontogeny • Second level of organization considered for multicellular living systems • Temporal evolution of one individual • Successive cellular division of the zygote -> cellular differentiation • Processes essentially deterministic –> wrong genetic sequence -> notable/lethal malformations

  13. Epigenesis • Third level of organization considered for living systems • Ontogenetic information limited -> another process emerge to integrate knowledge • Example:human brain 1010 neurons, 1014 connections -> too large to be encoded by the genome • Learning systems • Nervous • Endocrine • Immune

  14. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Phylogeny • Artificial evolution: genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic programming • Large scale programmable circuits: configure function by programming -> FPGAs - three distinct levels of configuration for an FPGA: • logic • cell interconnection • inputs and outputs • Evolvable hardware: an evolutionary approach to digital design

  15. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Ontogeny • Growth, construction: • self-test and self-repair • self-replication • Embryonics

  16. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Epigenesis • Nervous system: • Traditionally the most investigated • Artificial Neural Networks • Immune system: • software fault detection • Controllers for mobile robots • Endocrine system • hormones

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