Chapter 7 (D): Operant Conditioning: Expanding Skinner’s Understanding

1. Chapter 7 (D):Operant Conditioning:Expanding Skinner’s Understanding A.P. Psychology

2. Do-Now(Questionnaire/In Journal) • Answer the Yes/No questions on Hand-Out 7-7: “Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire” • Tally up the Yes responses of odd and even numbers: • Sensitivity to Punishment: • Odd numbers: Higher scores representing higher sensitivity to punishment • Sensitivity to Reward: • Even numbers: Higher scores representing higher sensitivity to reward

3. Cognition and Operant Conditioning • Skinner acknowledged the role of one’s cognition on operant conditioning • Cognitive Map: • A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment • E.g. after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it

4. Cognition and Operant Conditioning • Latent Learning: • Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

5. Video Clip: Cognitive Maps How does the rat use latent learning in pursuit of food, after its path has been blocked? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uDCGmo2xOM

6. Cognition andOperant Conditioning Can you think of an example when you experienced latent learning?

7. Cognition andOperant Conditioning • Insight: • A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

8. Types of Motivation • Intrinsic Motivation: • A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake • Extrinsic Motivation: • A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

9. Types of Motivation What is something that you are intrinsically motivatedto do? What is something that you are extrinsically motivatedto do? With which type of motivation is operant conditioning more effective?

10. “Consideration of Future Consequences Scale” • Answer the questions on Hand-Out 7-4: “Consideration of Future Consequences Scale” • Tally up the numbers of your responses: • Reverse the numbers that you gave in statements 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12(i.e., 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1) • Next, add the numbers in front of all 12 items • The higher your score, the greater consideration you have for future consequences • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZT-FZqfxZA

11. Biology andOperant Conditioning Marian Breland Bailey Biological constraints predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive Breland and Breland (1961) showed that animals drift toward their biologically predisposed instinctive behaviors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMQJc6L_jvY

12. Operant Vs. Classical Conditioning

13. Review What is a cognitive map? How did rats use it in operant conditioning? What is latent learning? Provide an example. What is insight? What is its role in problem-solving? What is the difference between intrinsic motivationand extrinsic motivation? In what ways do organisms’ biology influence operant conditioning? Watson. . . Little Albert. . . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

14. Homework • Chapter 7 D Quiz

15. True or False: 1.