Revolution! Chapter 6

1. Revolution! Chapter 6 1775-1783

2. Section 1; Early Battles • Lexington/Concord- few vs. 700 • Who won? • What does it take to start a revolution against the British? • Green Mountain Boys- 1775

3. What do we do now? • Second Continental Congress- • Philadelphia, May 10, 1775 • They take 3 major actions that seem to contradict each other. State House- Philadelphia

4. Strengths and weaknesses of both sides Boston, MA, in June of 1775. Whatis happeningin the painting? • What might they be?

5. Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill • 1200 vs. 2400 • William Prescott vs. William Howe • “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!” Why?

6. Washington arrives • 16000 volunteers are camped around Boston • Washington begins training • By March, 1776, Howe leaves to Halifax, Canada • King George III orders blockade of all ports William Prescott G-Dub William Howe King George III

7. Americans attack Canada • Why do that? • Montreal seized in fall of 1775 • On to Quebec • Result?

8. Section 1 Questions • 1. What did Ethan Allan and his followers do in May 1775? • 2. What 3 actions did the 2nd Continental Congress take in 1775? • 3.What were the strengths and weaknesses of both sides? • 4. What was the significance of Bunker Hill, and who led the troops on both sides? • 5. Why did English troops leave New England in the spring of 1776? • 6. Why did the Americans attack Canada, and what was the result?

9. Section 2; Independence Declared • King George’s response to the Olive Branch Petition… • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense January 1776 • 500,000 copies sold in 6 months • Argued for independence

10. The Fateful Step • June 1776, Philadelphia • They knew they would be traitors if caught • Decided to select a committee to write up the declaration: • John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman • Voted July 2nd, accepted July 4th • Most important date in American history Independence Hall, Philadelphia

11. The Declaration • Lists unalienable rights • Consent of the governed • Duty to protect rights • Lists British wrongdoings • What King George III haddone that was out of line • Announces that they cut tieswith Britain • Want to ally with othercountries.

12. Loyalist or Patriot? • Where would your loyalty lie? • Loyalists/Tories vs. Patriots • “God, King, and Country!” • Franklin and his own son • Location of most patriots?

13. Section 2 Questions • Why did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet appeal to so many colonists? What arguments did it make? • Who wrote the Declaration of Independence, and when was it adopted? Who signed it first? • How does the Declaration potentially encourage future revolutions? • What British Wrongs were listed in the Declaration? Turn to page 646, pick 6 “wrongs” and put them in your own words. • Where were most loyalists located and what challenges did they face?

15. Section 3; Desperate Days Summer 1776, fighting shifts to middle states Flotilla lands at New York

16. Washington on the Run Washington loses 1400 at Battle of Long Island Retreats to Manhattan where he is forced to flee again Forced across Hudson River to New Jersey Forced across Delaware River to Pennsylvania In other words, it’s not going well Nathan Hale- spy- “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country”

17. Washington catches a break • By December Washington’s situation was bleak • Paine’s The Crisis- • “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands in now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” • Trenton • Princeton • New hope!

18. A New British Strategy • Early 1777- General John Burgoyne • Meet at Albany and crush the forces there • St. Leger and Howe get held up at Brandywine and Stanwix • Only Burgoyne goes to Albany • Battle of Saratoga • Turning point • Ben Franklin, Louis XVI; 1778 • Military aid and recognition

19. Cold Winter at Valley Forge Winter 1777-1778- Pennsylvania Frostbite, no clothes, food Swindled by other colonists Some help arrived- Martha Washington

20. Help from Abroad • Marquis de Lafayette • French noble • Casimir Pulaski • Polish; trained cavalry • Bernardo de Galvez • Spain- secret supplier • Spain joined 1779 and attacked British in the south • Friedrich von Steuben • Prussian commander • Did serious work; training & motivation

21. Section 3 Questions 1. Describe the battles that took place in New York. Who won? 2. How could the colonists have used Nathan Hale’s story as propaganda? 3. What did Thomas Paine mean when he talked about the “summer soldier” and the “sunshine patriot” in The Crisis? 4. What happened at the battles of Trenton and Princeton? 5. Describe General Burgoyne’s strategy that he presented to George III in 1777. 6. How did the summer battles of 1777 differ from what happened at Saratoga. Briefly describe each battle (4 total) 7. In what ways was Saratoga a turning point?

22. Who joined each side? Cherokee

23. Who is he? His ship?

24. “All menare createdequal…” Peter Salem

25. Betsy Ross Martha Washington Deborah Sampson Mary Ludwig Hays; “Molly Pitcher”

26. (What it wasn’t really like, but vaguely similar… okay not really at all)

27. Section 4 Questions 1. What Native American groups took sides in the Revolutionary war, and why? 2. How could John Paul Jones’ attack with the Bonhomme Richard be used as propaganda? Describe his victory at sea. 3. Why did George Washington decide to allow free African Americans to fight in the Continental Army? 4. How did James Otis and many black patriots look at the revolution regarding slavery? 5. Name three women who contributed to the revolutionary cause, including what they did. 6. Read “A Young Girl’s War” on page 178-179. What was it like having the war outside your back door? How did young Sally Wister take it?

28. Quiz 1. What did the Green Mountain Boys do in May 1775? 2. What 3 actions did the 2nd Continental Congress take in 1775? 3.What were the strengths and weaknesses of both sides? 4. Who led the troops at Bunker Hill on both sides? 5. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? Day, month, year- 6. How does the Declaration potentially encourage future revolutions? 7. Give two examples of propaganda that could have been used in the war. 8. Describe the challenges and changes that took place when Washington wintered his troops at Valley Forge 9. Pick what you think to be the most important battle we have discussed so far, and argue why it is the most important battle of the war.

29. 6.5; The World Turned Upside Down • Fighting goes to the south after Saratoga • Why there? • Who won many of the early battles, and where were they? • Map also on pg 181 • Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge- N.C. 1776 • Called Lexington and Concord of the South • Patriots win

30. Traitor!! • Put in charge of West Point • Why change sides? • Washington’s response • Arnold’s legacy

31. The Tide Turns • Patriots rally after King’s Mountain • October 1780, South Carolina • Guerilla Tactics in the South • Francis Marion- the “Swamp Fox” • Daniel Morgan- Cowpens Jan 1781 • Nathaniel Greene- struck without warning • Together, these groups and battles wore down the British • They leave for Yorktown in 1781

32. Victory!! • Cornwallis at Yorktown • French arrive with help • Admiral de Grasse- Navy • Comte de Rochambeau- meets up with Washington and heads down from New York • Cornwallis trapped • Surrender October 17, 1781

33. Victory!! • Cornwallis trapped • Surrender October 17, 1781 • Peace talks begin 1782

34. Treaty of Paris

35. Section 5 Questions 1. Why did Britain begin fighting in the south, and what major towns/cities did they capture there in 1778-1779? 2. What did Benedict Arnold do after being put in charge of West Point? 3. Why was Francis Marion called the “Swamp Fox”? 4. What kind of tactics did Daniel Morgan use in the Saratoga campaign, and where else did he use them? 5. How did Washington, the Comte de Rochambeau, and De Grasse outwit General Cornwallis at Yorktown? 6. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?