Western Frontier

1. Western Frontier Industry Immigration REVIEW GAME

2. What tactic enabled Samuel Gompers to develop the American Federation of Labor into the largest labor union in the United States? • Allowing women and minorities to join the union • Signing up low-wage, unskilled immigrant laborers • Lobbying Congress to pass laws limiting the activities of rival unions • Concentrating on higher wages and better working conditions

3. D. Concentrating on higher wages and better working conditions

4. What is considered the most significant outcome of the 1902 anthracite coal strike? • Reduced confidence in laissez faire capitalism • Growing public distrust of large government • Expansion of executive branch authority • Declining enrollment in labor unions

5. C. Expansion of executive branch authority

6. How did vertical integration benefit companies such as Carnegie Steel? • Allowing labor unions to participate in decision making led to fewer strikes • Controlling production and distribution processes increased efficiencies and profits. • Investing in the health and education of employees increased workforce motivation. • Including local politicians on boards of directors ensured a continuation of laissez faire policies.

7. B. Controlling production and distribution processes increased efficiencies and profits.

8. What technological development of the mid-19th century most revolutionized the U.S. steel industry? • Electrification • Vulcanization • Steam Power • Bessemer Process

9. D. Bessemer Process

10. How did businesses such as Sears, Roebuck and Co. transform the late 19th century economy? • They expanded the market for consumer goods • They applied new technologies in their stores • They advertised the services of new companies. • They employed sales associates in rural locations

11. They expanded the market for consumer goods

12. Which individual is most closely associated with an innovation that revolutionized an entire industry by accelerating production and dramatically reducing costs and the need for human labor? • Alexander Graham Bell • Henry Bessemer • Jules Verne • Thomas Alva Edison

13. B. Henry Bessemer

14. Which late 19th century invention had the greatest impact on literacy and the use of public libraries? • Braille • Typewriter • Light bulb • Computer

15. C. Light bulb

16. “Society advances where its fittest members are allowed to assert their fitness with the least hindrance.” • This idea advanced by Herbert Spencer would be fully embraced by a supporter of which ideology? • Anarchism • Marxism • Social Darwinism • Social Gospel

17. C. Social Darwinism

18. During the Progressive Era, which group immigrated to the United States for the first time? • Chinese • German • Irish • Japanese

19. C. Irish

20. The use of barbed wire is most directly associated with which outcome? • The completion of the Union Pacific Railroad • The end of the open range and frontier • Increased prospecting and mining activity • Increased demand and production of steel

21. B. The end of the open range and frontier

22. The success of Thomas Edison’s light bulb was dependent on which other Edison invention? • Electric generator • Internal combustion engine • Motion picture camera • Phonograph

23. Electric generator

24. A researcher seeking primary source material on the massacre of Wounding Knee would likely consider which of the following to be most authentic and authoritative evidence on the topic? • The highest ranked results of an online search • A letter describing an eyewitness account of the event • A public radio interview of a notable historian • The textbook for a high school U.S. history course

25. B. A letter describing an eyewitness account of the event

26. Which of the following factors had the greatest impact on the development of the United States industrial infrastructure in the late 19th century? • Revolutionary changes in steel production and the growth of railroads • The passage of the Homestead Act and the closing of the American frontier • Restraints on monopolistic business practices and the legalization of unions. • The ideas of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Henry Lloyd

27. Revolutionary changes in steel production and the growth of railroads

28. Which summary of the massacre at Wounded Knee is most accurate? • It provided a rationale for the creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs • It fostered congressional dialogue that led to the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act • It represented the culmination of the U.S. government’s military operations against native peoples. • It prompted widespread public hostility toward the Sioux Indians.

29. C. It represented the culmination of the U.S. government’s military operations against native peoples.

30. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers of commerce and industry. • …the invention and perfection of the high-speed elevator make vertical travel, that was once tedious and painful, now easy and comfortable; development of steel manufactures has shown the way to safe, rigid, economical constructions rising to a great height… • Sullivan’s observation relates to which feature of most large, modern cities? • Airports • Malls • Skyscrapers • Suburbs

31. C. Skyscrapers

32. How did some late 19th century industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller react to government restrictions on their businesses? • By developing independent councils to oversee their stock transactions. • By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees. • By involving labor union leaders in workplace decisions. • By creating new political parties and personally running for political offices.

33. B. By placing their companies under the control of boards of trustees.

34. What factor most contributed to the Great Chicago Fire’s widespread destruction? • Firefighters’ inability to communicate with recent immigrants • The city’s limited water supply due to a drought • Theft of fire department funds by corrupt politicians • Extensive wood-frame construction in homes and businesses

35. Extensive wood-frame construction in homes and businesses

36. In which way did their protest at Chicago’s Haymarket Square affect the Knights of Labor? • The massive gathering of the union’s workers disrupted public services to such an extent that the federal government placed limits on the union’s activities. • Workers lost confidence in the union’s leadership after they discovered the union president had given details of their rally to the police. • Union members grew disillusioned as newpapers printed articles blaming workers for the violence that had occurred. • The union’s emphasis on recruiting immigrant laborers at the event angerd American born workers, who then joined the AFL.

37. C. Union members grew disillusioned as newspapers printed articles blaming workers for the violence that had occurred.

38. Early 20th century Progressive reformers were LEAST concerned with which problem? • Unsafe food processing methods • Unhealthy urban living conditions • Exploitation of children in the workplace • Deprivation of African Americans’ civil rights

39. D. Deprivation of African Americans’ civil rights

40. Which of the following factors was most significant in the development of labor unions during the 19th century? • Working conditions • Racial segregation • Class discrimination • Growing prosperity

41. Working conditions

42. Which historic situation is most comparable to the light bulb replacing oil lamps? • The railroad replacing the automobile • Electric engines replacing steam engines • Steel production replacing oil production • The telegraph replacing the telephone

43. B. Electric engines replacing steam engines

44. In what significant way did the development of the incandescent light bulb improve 19th century urban conditions? • It created the possibility of home based businesses • It prompted more immigrants to remain in large cities. • It enabled passenger trains to operate at night • It replaced the dirty dangerous gaslight

45. D. It replaced the dirty dangerous gaslight

46. The construction of the Central Pacific Railroad relied largely on the labors of which immigrant group? • Chinese • German • Irish • Mexican

47. Chinese

48. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers in the United States. • …continued growth of population in the great cities, consequent congestion of centres and rise in value of ground, stimulate an increase in number of stores; these, successfully piled one upon another, react on ground values… • Based on this description, which conclusion can a reader most reasonably draw about urban growth in the United States at that time? • The greatest population increases occurred in the industrial cities. • Rising property values in cities stimulated development. • The stories of immigrants revealed the hardship of living in the cities • Increasing congestion resulted in suburban growth.

49. B. Rising property values in cities stimulated development.

50. In this excerpt from the 1896 essay, architect Louis Sullivan describes certain conditions typical of growing urban centers of commerce and industry. • …the invention and perfection of the high-speed elevator make vertical travel, that was once tedious and painful, now easy and comfortable; development of steel manufactures has shown the way to safe, rigid, economical constructions rising to a great height… • Sullivan’s observation relates to which feature of most large, modern cities? • Airports • Malls • Skyscrapers • Suburbs