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Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power

Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power. Jens Pedersen Peter Børre Eriksen Antje Orths ENERGI NET. DK. Outline. Introduction: Present Danish Situation Investigations: Implementing more Windpower  Additional Costs …? Balancing the System …? Future Plans.

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Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power

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  1. Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power Jens Pedersen Peter Børre Eriksen Antje Orths ENERGINET.DK Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  2. Outline • Introduction: Present Danish Situation • Investigations: Implementing more Windpower  • Additional Costs …? • Balancing the System …? • Future Plans Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  3. Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  4. 1000 MW DC 720 MW DC 1700/1300 MW AC Sverige 60 kV 1200/800 MW AC 600 MW DC Power Balance 2004 Two synchronous areas: West: Consumption 1200 - 3650 MW Central power plants (11) 3500 MW Local CHP units (~ 600) 1600 MW Wind turbines (~ 4000) 2400 MW 4000 MW East: Consumption 800 - 2700 MW Central power plants 4000 MW Local CHP units 600 MW Wind turbines 750 MW 1350 MW Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  5. MW 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Wind Local CHP Central Consumption Power Balance (Western Denmark) Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  6. Energy Balance 2004 Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  7. ? Development of Energy Balance Western Denmark [%] Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  8. Main Questions • Additional System Costs …? • Balancing the System…? Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  9. Additional System Costs - Simulation of Ficitious Western Danish Power System - Assumptions: • Isolated Power System (CHP and International Connections disregarded) • Production Mix adjusted depending on Amount of Wind Power (0% … 100%) with: • Same Security of Supply • Coal Fired Base Load Units (Utilisation Time >2000 h) • Natural Gas Fired Peak Load Units (Utilisation Time <2000 h) • Forced and Scheduled Outages included • 5%, 30 years annuity=0,0651 • CO2 Emission 6.7 €/ton Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  10. Production Mix at Different Wind Power Levels Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  11. Utilisation Time for Base- and Peak Load Units Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  12. TWh/year 30 Production Sold Surplus 25 20 15 10 5 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Share of wind power (%) How much Wind Power can be sold? Demand Side of the Residual Market (~8 TWh) Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  13. Energy Production, Consumption and Overflow 0 0,91 8,13 Production Side of the Residual Market Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  14. Mio EUR EUR/MWh Total costs 100 Extra costs in case of wind 1,400 power production 90 Unit costs 1,200 80 44 -> 80 EUR/MWh 70 1,000 60 1157 -> 624 Mio EUR 800 50 266 Mio EUR 600 40 30 400 20 200 10 0 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Share of wind power (%) Cost related to Residual Production Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  15. Additional Costs related to Residual Demand … distributed on Wind Power Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  16. Lessons learned (1/2) • The specific costs of the thermal power plants increase with increasing share of wind power • Large wind power penetration leads to additional costs of 6-13 €/MWh per utilised MWh wind power • Demand for peak load units increases: innovative approach needed • New demand types are needed to utilise the power overflow • Not considered • ancillary services including regulating power • transmission capacity • stability aspects • district heating which will increase the overflow • wind power installation cost Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  17. Main Questions • Additional System Costs …? • Balancing the System…? Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  18. Load Generation Handles NOIS Emergency plan AGC a.c. tie lines Keeping the system in balance Sources for imbalance Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  19. The Challenge of Wind Power Forecasting “Fresh breeze” means somewhere between 200 and 1 600 MW A deviation of just ±1 m/s may have an impact of ± 320 MW (With a 2 374 MW installed base). Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  20. Obligation of Providing Regulation Reserve, Western Denmark Primary Regulation Reserve: + 30 MW Automatic Regulation Reserve: + 140 MW Manual Regulation Reserve: • Upward Regulation: up to 670 MW • Downward Regulation 200 MW Regulating power bids from DK, N, S and D are available in the Nordic real time market Local scale CHP- units (787 MW) have access to the market (from 2005.01.01) ~ 60 Mio € / a Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  21. Regulating Power • Daily input for Nord Pool day-ahead-planning to be submitted at noon (difference between three months` forecast and day-ahead forecast) • The TSO must provide regulating power for deviations between day-ahead-plans and real-time conditions in real-time-market • Main reasons for deviations: • Errors in wind power forecasts (…storm) • deviations from market players`s plans • outages • Sources: • Domestic spinning reserves • purchase with Sweden and Norway • Difficulty: – not stochastically independent Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  22. Regulating Power and Prices in the Real-time Market in Denmark West, December 2005 upward regulation 53 GWh; av. price 10,86 EUR/MWh downward regulation 55 GWh; av. deduct. price -9,73 EUR/MWh Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  23. Computed power imbalance for Horns Reef A+B Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  24. Lessons Learned (2/2) Various challenges concerning System Balance: • Wind Forecasts have to be improved • More Domestic Regulation Reserves have to be activated • Danish Interconnection will reduce Reserve Costs • Reduction of Positive Power Gradients from Wind Farms will help Keeping the Schedules Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  25. Future Plans • Activation of Domestic Regulation Capacity (Local CHP<10MW acting on price signals) • Promotion of Demand Response • Implementing Autonomy by Redesign of the System Architecture (Direct Communication with local Generation) • Add more Transmission Capacity • Take Part in ETSO / UCTE wind study Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  26. Thank you !  www.energinet.dk Horns Rev Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  27. MW units Production capacities / voltage level (Western DK, 01.01.2005) International 400 kV (TSO) 1,488 MW 4 Primary Power Stations International 150 kV (Transmission Company) 1,914MW 5 Primary Power Stations 160 MW 80 Wind Turbines International 60 kV 589 MW 16 Local Plants (18 Gen) 41 MW 34 Wind Turbines 10-20 kV (Distribution Undertaking) 1,093 MW 543 Local Plants (734 Gen) 2,179 MW 4,047 Wind Turbines 2 MW 1,000 PV units Low Voltage 7,466 MW Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  28. Present and Future Handling of DG within Denmark => smaller difference between peak-load and low load prices increase of price stability Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

  29. €/MWh Off-peak demand Limited DR Peak demand Limited DR Supply Peak demand High DR MWh Demand and Supply Curve for Different Elasticity Coefficients due to Grade of Demand Response Market Impacts of Large-Scale System Integration of Wind Power - EWEC 2006, Athens

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