Ch 26 The Sun & the Solar System Review

1. Ch 26 The Sun & the Solar System Review

2. Name & describe the location of the layers of the sun. What happens in each layer? How does the temperature change? • Describe the sun’s rotation. • What are sunspots? Why do they appear dark? How long is one cycle? • What is solar wind? • What happens during fusion? How many hydrogen nuclei are needed? How many helium nuclei form? What is released? Where does fusion occur in the sun? • What happens to charged nuclei in plasma? Why? • Know how to calculate eccentricity. • What is the “celestial sphere”? • Who developed the geocentric model of the universe? What does the geocentric model state? • Who developed the heliocentric model of the universe? What does the heliocentric model state? • What is retrograde motion? Why do we observe retrograde motion? • Who came up with the 3 laws of planetary motion? What does each law state/describe? • What shape are the planets’ orbits? Who discovered this? • Who described gravity & its effects on the planets? Which two factors affect the gravitation attraction between objects? How do they affect gravitational attraction? • What is aphelion? What is perihelion?

3. Ptolemy developed the _________________ model of the universe.

4. geocentric

5. Copernicus described the ________________ model of the solar system.

6. heliocentric

7. When a planet appears to move westward in the sky instead of eastward, we call this ___________________________?

8. Retrograde motion

9. Ancient observers believed that the stars traveled around earth on a transparent _________________________________.

10. Celestial sphere

11. The Earth was in the center of the universe in the _________________ model.

12. geocentric

13. The ____________ was in the center of the solar system in the heliocentri model.

14. sun

15. ___________ proposed 3 laws of planetary motion based on the work of his predecessor Tycho Brahe. • A. Newton • B. Galileo • C. Kepler • D. Copernicus • E. Brahe • F. Ptolemy

16. C. Kepler

17. What shape describes the path of a planet’s orbit?

18. A (nearly circular) ellipse

19. ______________ determined that gravity kept planets in their orbits. • A. Newton • B. Galileo • C. Kepler • D. Copernicus • E. Brahe • F. Ptolemy

20. A. Newton

21. _______________ determined that planetary orbits were actually elliptical. • A. Newton • B. Galileo • C. Kepler • D. Copernicus • E. Brahe • F. Ptolemy

22. C. Kepler

23. When Earth is closest to the sun it is called ___________. • A. Aphelion • B. Perihelion

24. B. Perihelion

25. When Earth is farthest from the sun it is called ___________. • A. Aphelion • B. Perihelion

26. A. Aphelion

27. Which layer of the sun is visible & radiates the light that we see? • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

28. D. photosphere

29. The ________ is the outermost layer of the sun. • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

30. F. corona

31. The _________ is the innermost layer of the sun. • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

32. A. core

33. The ________ is the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere & lies above the photosphere. • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

34. E. chromosphere

35. The lies around the core, is in the plasma state, & is cooler than the core. • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

36. B. radiative zone

37. In the ______________ rising & falling currents of plasma carry energy to the sun’s surface where it is radiated out into space as sunlight. • A. core • B. radiative zone • C. convection zone • D. photosphere • E. chromosphere • F. corona

38. C. convection zone

39. The corona gives off a stream of electrically charged particles called ____________. • A. granules • B. sun spots • C. solar wind • D. solar flares • E. solar prominences

40. C. solar wind

41. Sunspots are dark spots on the photosphere. The reason they appear dark is because they are (cooler/hotter) than the surrounding area.

42. cooler

43. On average, sunspot activity is at it’s peak every _________ years.

44. 11

45. Dense clouds of material suspended above the sun’s surface by magnetic fields that can erupt off the sun in a few minutes or hours, extending 1000s of km before falling back to the sun’s surface are ________________. • A. granules • B. sun spots • C. solar wind • D. solar flares • E. solar prominences

46. E. solar prominences

47. ____________ are otbursts of light that suddenly rise from areas of sunspot activity & can last minutes to hours & increase in # with an increase in the # of sunspots. • A. granules • B. sun spots • C. solar wind • D. solar flares • E. solar prominences

48. D. solar flares

49. In the photosphere ____________ which are the tops of the convection currents & May be 1,000 km wide & may last 20 minutes. • A. granules • B. sun spots • C. solar wind • D. solar flares • E. solar prominences

50. A. granules