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BASIC DIESEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY

BASIC DIESEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY. Original Power Point created By Joey Wells Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office June 2002 Edited by CTAE Resource Network February 2011. TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS DECEMBER 4, 2001. INTRODUCTION.

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BASIC DIESEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY

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  1. BASIC DIESEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY Original Power Point created By Joey Wells Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office June 2002 Edited by CTAE Resource Network February 2011 TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS DECEMBER 4, 2001

  2. INTRODUCTION • THE DIESEL ENGINE IS USED AS A SOURCE OF POWER FOR THOUSANDS OF APPLICATIONS.

  3. WHO INVENTED THE DIESEL ENGINE? Who invented the diesel engine? • 1895 – Rudolph Diesel successfully invented an engine that burned coal dust injected by pressurized air. The diesel engine was born. • Who developed the first mass produced injection pump? • 1927 - Robert Bosch

  4. USES OF DIESEL ENGINES Today, diesel engines are used to provide power in a variety of applications in many industries. There are six major uses of diesel engines…

  5. AGRICULTURE/FARM

  6. TRANSPORTATION

  7. CONSTRUCTION

  8. FORESTRY

  9. MARINE

  10. ELECTRICAL GENERATION PLANTS

  11. ADVANTAGES OF DIESEL ENGINES • More efficient and economical to use. • Fuel vapor is not explosive. • Exhaust gases are less poisonous – less carbon monoxide. • Greater lugging power and torque. • Engines are durable and if properly cared for will maintain their economy. • Fuel is less volatile – no vapor lock problems. • Can use a variety of fuels and mixtures.

  12. DISADVANTAGES OF DIESEL ENGINES • Engines must be stronger and heavier because of higher compression rates. • Initially more expensive. • Fuel could gel in colder climates. • Generally noisier operation. • Very pungent exhaust odor.

  13. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE: An engine that produces power by burning fuel inside a combustion chamber within the engine. Two types of internal combustion engines…

  14. SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

  15. COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

  16. HOW DOES A SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE WORK? • Liquid fuel broken down into a fine spray and mixed with air in the carburetor. • Fuel-air mixture piped to the cylinder where it is ignited by an electric spark from the spark plug.

  17. HOW DOES A COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE WORK? • No spark is needed. • Liquid fuel under very high pressure is injected directly into the cylinder which is filled with highly compressed air. • Ignition begins when the fuel hits the air that is at a temperature of 777 °F.

  18. WHAT DOES A COMPRESSION RATIO OF 16:1 MEAN? The air in a cylinder is compressed into 1/16 the space at the top of the stroke as compared to the bottom of the stroke.

  19. HOW IS ENGINE SPEED CONTROLLED IN A DIESEL ENGINE? • The throttle control regulates only the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder. • The throttle control in a gasoline engine regulates the amount of air/fuel mixture allowed into the cylinder.

  20. HOW ARE DIESEL ENGINES STOPPED? • By shutting off the fuel to the cylinders by a manual control or solenoid switch. • Gasoline engines are stopped by cutting off the spark from the spark plugs to the cylinders.

  21. HOW AN ENGINE WORKS

  22. WHAT ARE THE FIVE BASIC PARTS OF ANY ENGINE?

  23. NAME THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF ENGINES • FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE • TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE

  24. WHAT SEQUENCE OF EVENTS MAKE UP A CYCLE • WHAT IS A STROKE? • ONE MOVEMENT OF THE PISTON

  25. DIFFERENCES IN STROKES: DIESEL ENGINE VS. GASOLINE ENGINE • INTAKE • AIR VS. AIR/FUEL MIXTURE • COMPRESSION STROKE • COMPRESSION RATIO • POWER STROKE • SPARK PLUG VS. HEAT OF COMPRESSION • EXHAUST STROKE • SAME FOR BOTH

  26. TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES

  27. TWO STROKE CYCLE GASOLINE ENGINE Stroke 1: • The upstroke of the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture. (Compression stroke) • At the same time, a new air/mixture is drawn into the crankcase. (Intake stroke) Stroke 2: • The downward stroke (Power stroke) of the piston causes the burned gases to escape through the exhaust port. (Exhaust stroke). • New fuel/air is forced into the cylinder.

  28. TWO-STROKE CYCLE GASOLINE ENGINES

  29. DIESEL AND GASOLINE TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE DIFFERENCES • Diesel engines inject fuel into the cylinder through a fuel injector. • A blower is often used to force air into the cylinder. • Diesel engines have exhaust valves, Gas engines have a port.

  30. TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

  31. BASIC PARTS OF THE DIESEL AIR SYSTEM

  32. THREE TYPES OF AIR CLEANERS • OIL-BATH TYPE CLEANER • PRE-CLEANER • DRY-TYPE AIR CLEANER

  33. THE DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM

  34. THE FIVE BASIC PARTS OF A DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM • INJECTION NOZZLES • INJECTION PUMP • FILTERS • TRANSFER PUMP • FUEL TANK

  35. THE DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM

  36. Diesel fuel, like gasoline is a product of the distillation of crude oil. 100 Gallons of crude oil will yield: • Gasoline = 44 Gallons • Diesel Fuel = 36 Gallons • Misc. = 9 Gallons • Kerosene = 6 Gallons • Lubricants = 3 Gallons • Loss = 3 Gallons

  37. WHAT ARE THE THREE GRADES OF DIESEL FUEL? • NUMBER 1 DIESEL FUEL (NO. 1-D) • Recommended for cold weather. Remains fluid for easier starting. • Buses, cars, trucks, farm tractors • NUMBER 2 DIESEL FUEL (NO. 2-D) • Heavy workloads. • Buses, trucks, farm equipment • NUMBER 4 DIESEL FUEL (NO. 4-D) • Ocean going vessels with low-medium speed engines.

  38. THE DIESEL COOLING SYSTEM

  39. LIQUID COOLING ENGINE

  40. AIR-COOLED DIESEL ENGINE

  41. Effects of Engine Overheating: • Cylinder head and block can crack or wrap. • Rings and valves may seize or stick due to gums, lacquers, and varnishes forming from overheated oil and carbon formation. • Bearings may be damages causing excessive wear. • Effects of Engine Overcooling: • Increased engine wear • Improper lubrication • Increased fuel consumption • Increased sludge formation • Increased engine corrosion • Moisture condenses if below 140°F in the engine crankcase.

  42. AIR-COOLED ENGINES • Disadvantages: • Length of the engine • Less temperature control • Higher operating temperatures • Greater noise • More frequent cleaning Advantages: • Less weight • Less maintenance • Less down-time • No cavitation erosion • No coolant concerns • More efficient use of power • Less vulnerable to damage • Less bulk • Quicker warm-up

  43. THE DIESEL LUBRICATION SYSTEM

  44. FUNCTIONS OF THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM • Reduces shock, wear, and friction. • Seals compression. • Provide some cleaning. • Helps cool the engine. • Quiets the engine operation.

  45. WHAT IS VISCOSITY? • A measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow. • Higher temperature – decrease in viscosity • Society of automotive engineers (SAE) developed numbering system.

  46. WHAT ARE THE VISCOSITY GRADES?

  47. API ENGINE OIL SERVICE CATEGORIES AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE TABLE 1: (HANDOUT)

  48. WHAT ARE THE THREE MOST COMMON OIL ADDITIVES? • OXIDATION INHIBITORS • CORROSION AND RUST INHIBITORS • DETERGENT DISPERSANTS

  49. HOW DO DETERGENT ADDITIVES WORK?

  50. PRINCIPLES OF FLUID HYDRAULICS

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