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Chapter 12.2-12.3

Chapter 12.2-12.3. Complete the Venn Diagram below. Be sure to include all information. DNA. RNA. Has _____ as its sugar. Is ______ stranded. Contains the nitrogen base _________. Has _____ as its sugar. Is ______ stranded. Contains the nitrogen base _________. Both. Are ______ acids.

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Chapter 12.2-12.3

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  1. Chapter 12.2-12.3 Complete the Venn Diagram below. Be sure to include all information. DNA RNA Has _____ as its sugar. Is ______ stranded. Contains the nitrogen base _________. Has _____ as its sugar. Is ______ stranded. Contains the nitrogen base _________. Both Are ______ acids. Are ______ information. #9.Who discovered the structure of DNA? #10. Amino acids make up what?

  2. Replication (page 333) • Replication: the process of DNA copying itself • DNA needs to replicate before the cell can reproduce

  3. Replication steps • First step: enzymes “unzip” DNA into two separate strands • Each strand serves as a pattern to make new DNA molecules • Second step: free nucleotides join onto strands to form two new strands of DNA, aided by enzymes • Two complete strands will result, these will be exactly alike • Each resulting strand has one “old” half and one “new” half

  4. Transcription • Transcription: produces RNA from DNA • Genetic code from DNA is transferred to mRNA to form protein • Segment of DNA separates in nucleus, one segment serves as pattern for RNA • The code obtained from DNA lets the mRNA know which amino acids to pick up • Code is a set of 3 nitrogen bases (codon)

  5. Translation: page 338 • Conversion of RNA into amino acid sequence that makes a protein • The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm • Ribosomes attach to mRNA • tRNA picks up the correct amino acids and carries them to the mRNA strand forming the protein

  6. Chapter 12–Practice Notes Quiz • A set of three bases is called a ? a. chromosome b. codon c. chromatin • What helps the DNA to unwind and to reform DNA strands? a. enzymes b. RNA c. mutations (Use the following three options for #3-5) a.Replicationb.Translationc.Transcription 3. RNA produces protein 4. DNA produces DNA 5. DNA produces RNA

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