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Exploring Cells and Microscopes in Biology

Learn about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and different types of microscopes used to study cells in detail. Understand the cell theory and the distinguishing features between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Discover the key structures and functions within cells.

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Exploring Cells and Microscopes in Biology

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  1. Chapter 6: Microscopes & Introduction to Cells AP Biology

  2. Learning Targets • I can distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • I can draw a prokaryotic cell, a plant cell and an animal cell. • I can identify the structure and function of the following: • ribosomes • rough and smooth Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • nucleus • nucleolus • vesicle • vacuoles • lysosomes • mitochondria • chloroplasts • I can identify organelles that are shared by plant and animals cells and those that are unique to plant and animal cells.

  3. Microscopes • Make visualization of cells possible

  4. Types of Microscopes • Light microscope (LM) • View basic, relatively large cellular structures • View living, active cells

  5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) • Best for surface study • Provides great 3D images • Specimen destroyed in process T4 Bacteriophage (virus)

  6. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) • Study internal cellular structures • Specimen destroyed in process mitochondrion

  7. Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

  8. Organelles • A specialized structure that performs a certain function within a cell • Number and complexity depends on cell type

  9. All Cells Have… • Plasma membrane • Boundary of cell • Controls what enters, leaves • Role in communication TEM cross-section of cell membrane

  10. All Cells Have… • Cytoplasm/Cytosol • Semi-fluid substance • Where organelles are found

  11. All Cells Have… • Chromosomes • Genetic material (DNA)

  12. All Cells Have… • Ribosomes • Site where protein is made

  13. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Large size (to 100µm) Genome organized around proteins; multiple chromosomes Located in nucleus Contain membrane-bound organelles • Small in size (range: 2-20µm) • Genome is singular chromosome not organized around proteins • Located in nucleoid region (NO nucleus) • No membrane-bound organelles

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