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Chapter 6: Microscopes & Introduction to Cells

Chapter 6: Microscopes & Introduction to Cells. AP Biology. Learning Targets. I can distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. I can draw a prokaryotic cell, a plant cell and an animal cell. I can identify the structure and function of the following: ribosomes

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Chapter 6: Microscopes & Introduction to Cells

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  1. Chapter 6: Microscopes & Introduction to Cells AP Biology

  2. Learning Targets • I can distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • I can draw a prokaryotic cell, a plant cell and an animal cell. • I can identify the structure and function of the following: • ribosomes • rough and smooth Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • nucleus • nucleolus • vesicle • vacuoles • lysosomes • mitochondria • chloroplasts • I can identify organelles that are shared by plant and animals cells and those that are unique to plant and animal cells.

  3. Microscopes • Make visualization of cells possible

  4. Types of Microscopes • Light microscope (LM) • View basic, relatively large cellular structures • View living, active cells

  5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) • Best for surface study • Provides great 3D images • Specimen destroyed in process T4 Bacteriophage (virus)

  6. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) • Study internal cellular structures • Specimen destroyed in process mitochondrion

  7. Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

  8. Organelles • A specialized structure that performs a certain function within a cell • Number and complexity depends on cell type

  9. All Cells Have… • Plasma membrane • Boundary of cell • Controls what enters, leaves • Role in communication TEM cross-section of cell membrane

  10. All Cells Have… • Cytoplasm/Cytosol • Semi-fluid substance • Where organelles are found

  11. All Cells Have… • Chromosomes • Genetic material (DNA)

  12. All Cells Have… • Ribosomes • Site where protein is made

  13. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Large size (to 100µm) Genome organized around proteins; multiple chromosomes Located in nucleus Contain membrane-bound organelles • Small in size (range: 2-20µm) • Genome is singular chromosome not organized around proteins • Located in nucleoid region (NO nucleus) • No membrane-bound organelles

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