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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Cell Structure and Function. Section 7-1. The History of the Cell Theory and Microscopes. Historical View of the Cell Theory. As science improves, so do improvements in scientific instruments, and improved scientific instruments lead to new discoveries. 1590 – Zacharias Janssen.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function

  2. Section 7-1 The History of the Cell Theory and Microscopes

  3. Historical View of the Cell Theory • As science improves, so do improvements in scientific instruments, and improved scientific instruments lead to new discoveries.

  4. 1590 – Zacharias Janssen • Built first simple microscope (one set of lenses)

  5. 1670’s Anton Van Leeuwenhoek • Made improvements • 270x magnification • Saw bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells, red blood cells and yeast cells

  6. 1665 – Robert Hooke • Produced a compound microscope • Saw hollow boxes and named them “cells”

  7. 1665 – Robert Hooke

  8. 1831 – Robert Brown • Saw central structure in plant cells, called this structure a nucleus

  9. 1838 – Theodore Schwann • Concluded that all animals are made of cells

  10. 1838 – Matthias Schleiden • Concluded that all plants are made of cells

  11. 1839 – Johannes Purkinje • Stated that “the cell is the unit of function of life”

  12. 1858 – Rudolf Virchow • Concluded that “ cells come only from previously existing cells”

  13. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function • New cells are produced from existing cells

  14. Section 3-2 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

  15. Eukaryotes • Have a nucleus and membrane covered organelles

  16. Prokaryotes • Don’t have a nucleus and membrane covered organelles

  17. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

  18. Plasma Membrane • Separates the cell from its environment • Controls the transport of materials in and out • Allows some materials but not others to pass through this is called… • Selectively permeable

  19. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Extensive network of tube-like structures that forms a passageway that functions in the transport of materials throughout the cells

  20. Ribosomes • Site of protein synthesis • Attached to the walls of the ER or move freely in the cytoplasm

  21. Golgi Bodies • Stack of tiny, flattened sac-like tubes used in secretion • Package protein molecules in a membrane and send the package to the cells surface

  22. Mitochondria • Where cellular respiration takes place to release energy • “Mighty Mitochondria” • Powerhouse of the cell

  23. Microtubules • Tubes that serve as support for the cell

  24. Microfilaments • Thin threads attached to the cell membranes, play a role in movement

  25. Lysosomes • Vesicles that contain enzymes used in digestion • Fuses with food vacuoles to digest food into smaller pieces • Digest old cell structures to dispose of them or even entire cells

  26. Nucleus • Regulates all the cells activities

  27. Chromosomes • Long coiled fibers that carry the material of heredity • Made of protein and DNA

  28. Nucleolus • Composed of RNA • Involved in the passage of RNA into the cytoplasm

  29. Centrioles • Small cylinders in the cytoplasm that play a role in cell division

  30. Cilia

  31. Flagella

  32. Chloroplasts • Organelle found only in plants, used to make food

  33. Vacuoles • Spherical, bubble-like storage sacs • Plant cells have very large vacuoles compared to animal cells

  34. Cell Wall • Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane • Made of cellulose • Permits most things to pass through Cell Wall

  35. Section 3-3 Cellular Processes

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