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Exploring Diachronic Changes in English: From Vowel Shifts to Consonant Changes

This piece examines the diachronic evolution of the English language, focusing on phenomena such as the Great Vowel Shift and Grimm's Law. It highlights how words like "house" and "mouse" have transformed over time while discussing relevant phonetic changes across various languages, including Latin, Spanish, and Germanic languages. The text provides insights into the historical linguistic shifts that have shaped modern English and how these shifts are reflected in pronunciation and spelling variations.

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Exploring Diachronic Changes in English: From Vowel Shifts to Consonant Changes

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Presentation Transcript

  1. SYNCHRONIC VARIATIONS MAY BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY DIACHRONIC CHANGES Zhongde Zhao

  2. wife /waɪf/ house /haʊs/ • seen /siːn/ spoon /spuːn/ • break /breɪk/ broke /brəʊk/ • name /neɪm/

  3. The Great Vowel Shift • Words ME MoE • mice miːs → maɪs • mouse muːs → maʊs • geese ɡeːs → ɡiːs • goose ɡoːs → ɡuːs • break brɛːken → breːk • broke brɔːken → broːk

  4. English German Danish Swedish • house haʊs huːʔs huːs • mouse maʊs muːʔs muːs • louse laʊs luːʔs luːs • out aʊt uːʔð uːt • brown braʊn bruːʔn bruːn

  5. Fusional Assimilation(Coalescence) • Latin Spanish English • ɑidifikium edifisioedifice • ɑikwalem egualequal • kɑusa kosa objects • pɑupere pobrepoor

  6. foot pedal, pedestrian, peddler • father pater, paternal • foal pony • fish • fisherman pisciculture, piscator • fowl poultry

  7. The First Consonant ShiftGrimm’s Law • voiceless stops /p t k/ > voiceless fricatives /f θ x (h)/ • voiced stops /b d ɡ/ > voiceless stops /p t k/ • voiced aspirated stops /bh dhɡh/ > voiced stops /b d ɡ/

  8. Indo-European Germanic (English) • bhrāter brother • bhlē blow • dheiɡh- dough • dhwer- door • ɡhed- get • ɡhaido- goat • abel- apple • dwō two • dekm ten • ɡenə- kin • ɡwen- queen • pūr- fire • pel- fell (animal hide) • treyes three • ters- thirst • kerd- heart • kel- hall, hell

  9. /m/: 每、梅、莓、霉、酶 • /h/ : 海、悔、晦、诲 • 杨各庄、李格庄、马戈庄、赵哥庄 • 杨家庄、李家庄

  10. “房” 厦门话 [pɔŋ]或[paŋ] 福州话 [puŋ] • “陈” 厦门话 [tin] 福州话 [tiŋ] • “奸” 上海话 [ke] 广州话、长沙话、南昌话 [kan]

  11. Chinese Korean Japanese • 婦fu pu pu • 負fu pu pu • 分fən pun pu • 罰fa pol patu • 閥fa pol patu • 伐fa pol patu • 佛fo pul putu

  12. Chinese Korean Japanese • 凡fan pom pon • 煩 fan pon pon • 犯 fan pom pon • 房 faŋ paŋ pou • 肪 faŋ paŋ pou • 防 faŋ paŋ pou • 妨 faŋ paŋ pou • 茯fu pok pulu

  13. 普 [ɸu] • 怖 [ɸu] • 被 [hi] • 彼 [hi] • 裴 [hai] • 捧 [hou]

  14. Thank you very much for your attention!

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