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Evolution of American Governance: From English Roots to Constitutional Convention

Explore the transition of American government from the English Bill of Rights to the Articles of Confederation to the Constitutional Convention. Understand the key characteristics, roles, powers, achievements, and weaknesses of each system, culminating in a pivotal moment with Shay's Rebellion leading to the call for the new Constitution. Delve into the historical context and influential figures like Washington and Hamilton who shaped this transformative period in American history.

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Evolution of American Governance: From English Roots to Constitutional Convention

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  1. Bellringer 9/1 • Use your Chapter 2, Sect. 1-2 Question Outline to answer the following review questions: • What characteristics of our government did we get from the English Bill of Rights? • What role were the colonists supposed to serve for Great Britain? What was the name for the relationship they had instead? • What was the first basic system of laws adopted in the British colonies?

  2. THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION “A firm league of friendship”

  3. What was it? • The governing body in the former colonies after the Revolutionary War • Articles of Confederation- 1781 • “firm league of friendship” between states—the new states were afraid to commit to a centralized government

  4. Powers of the Articles of Confederation Government • keep peace by calling on state militias to volunteer • coin money

  5. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation • Each state was politically sovereign. • Nine out of thirteen states had to agree to pass a measure. • The small army was dependent on state money and militias- if the states didn’t want to commit to a war effort they didn’t have to. • Weak executive- Hamilton wouldn’t take the job • Couldn’t arbitrate disputes • Pennsylvania and Virginia disputes over Western land claims • no power to tax • could not regulate commerce • It required unanimous consent to amend the articles

  6. Achievements of the Articles • Northwest Ordinance: 1787- new territories were to become new states that would be established on an equal basis to older states • Provided a method for equitable division of land • Peace Treaty with Great Britain: Negotiated the Treaty of Paris of 1783- ended the Revolutionary War

  7. How did it come to an end? The Historical Environment of the time: • Collapsing trade with other nations • Collapsing money value • Foreign threats (France, Britain, etc.) Washington and Hamilton • two important political leaders began to call for amendment of the Articles to provide more national power. • set up Annapolis Convention • Annapolis Convention- Convention held in Maryland to discuss weakness in the government and attempt to fix them.

  8. And then…. Shay’s Rebellion • economic panic was widespread • farmers in western Massachusetts took over the courts to prevent having their farms taken away because of debt • when the revolt occurred the government was helpless to stop in because the states did not send militias ** direct cause of Constitutional Convention—The convention became the political response to the chaos

  9. HOMEWORK • Read and outline Chapter 2, Section 4– due at the beginning of class on Thursday– Take GOOD notes– They will help you tomorrow.

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