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Additive to Expressive Form

Additive to Expressive Form. The early days of film Cradle Films https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nj0vEO4Q6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk Invention of major elements of filmic storytelling Close up Chase scene Feature length

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Additive to Expressive Form

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  1. Additive to Expressive Form • The early days of film • Cradle Films • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nj0vEO4Q6s • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk • Invention of major elements of filmic storytelling • Close up • Chase scene • Feature length • Movement of camera, changes in focus, cut up and assembly of film • Photoplay = Photography + Theater

  2. Computational Media • Are we at the incunabula stage? • Early stories on the web were pretty bad • But what about the computer as a meta-medium? • Exaggeration: every start-up is trying to create a new medium.

  3. Computer-based Characters • Eliza • Many versions of this story • What does this story tell us? • Limitations of Eliza as model for characters?

  4. Digital Environments • Interactive 1. Procedural 2. Participatory • Immersive 3. Spatial 4. Encyclopedic • Eliza is procedural in that it has a procedure for selecting response based on the most recent and prior comments by the user. • Coming up with those procedures can be difficult.

  5. Participatory • The user must participate in the story • Zork • Text-based adventure game • Modeled on understood type of world (fantasy) • “The computer was programming the player.” • Not NLP but more natural than before • Lessons?

  6. Spatial • The myth of PARC • First graphical user interface? Well, not quite. • Aspen movie map • Tour of Aspen that gives a sense of presence • Zork (again) • Imagined world with imaginable layout • Space can be abstract • Victory Garden – intersecting lives during the 1st gulf war • “The event is happening now. The event is happening to you.”

  7. Encyclopedic • Computers have huge capacity. • Value in narrative? • Think of Tolkien's Middle Earth or the Star Trek universe • Others? • Negative effects? • Simulations – exposing the assumptions • “the interpretive framework is embedded in the rules by which the system works and in the the way in which participation is shaped”

  8. Digital Structures of Complexity • Memex • “human knowledge is a solvable maze, open to rational organization” • Xanadu • “hummingbird mind”, “all things are deeply intertwingled” • Time steps – the game of life • Emergent structure/behavior

  9. Immersion • “more real than reality” • Addresses inner desire to be more than we are • Taking over all of our attention • “A good story gives us something safely outside ourselves upon which we can project our feelings.” • Fragile nature • Langer’s discussion of watching Peter Pan

  10. The Fourth-Wall Convention • The challenge of participation • Audience involvement is awkward • How can we enter the fictional world without disrupting it? • Boundary conventions • Playing with boundaries • Discussion of reception of the first part of Don Quixote at the beginning of the second part • TristramShandy (blank pages, renumbered chapters, etc.) • War of the Worlds

  11. Structured Participation • Bounding the allowable behaviors • Make them appropriate • Don’t frustrate the participant • Set the right context • Give a metaphor, tools, context, etc. • Provide a mask through back-story, world, roles • Regulate arousal • Belief • Suspension of disbelief vs. the participant creating belief

  12. Immersion vs. Engagement • Attention vs. thought • Engagement • Analyzing the creator’s goals, methods, etc. • Problem solving (whodunit, what does it mean) • Immersion + Engagement = Flow • The goal of video games

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