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Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Asia: A Strategic Response to Global Challenges

This document outlines the critical challenges and strategic responses in promoting Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Asia amidst globalization. It highlights the need for effective national OSH policies, tripartite consultations, the establishment of safe work programs, and the implementation of international ILO conventions. Special emphasis is placed on improving OSH in priority industries such as mining and construction, promoting awareness, and enhancing training programs. The role of trade unions, government commitment, and collaboration among various stakeholders are essential for achieving substantial improvements in OSH standards across the region.

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Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Asia: A Strategic Response to Global Challenges

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  1. Challenges in Promoting OSH in Asia: Response to Globalization Seiji Machida SafeWork, ILO

  2. Trade Union Action Plan on OSH • Responding to the need of member • National OSH Situation • Developments in Asia • International Developments (ILO, ICFTU)

  3. What are the priority steps for improving OSH in your country? • National OSH Policy to be implemented • National Committee on OSH • OSH Committee at Trade Unions • Implementation of trade union OSH policy • SME low cost improvements • OSH law • Define the roles of each parties (G.E.W)

  4. Fiji laws regulation exist, OSH as a part of Working Conditions : Collective bargaining integrating OSH • Special Training (women) • Trade Union OSH Policy • Guidelines for workers and industry • New OSH Institute • Awareness among workers

  5. Objectives of the ILO programme on OSH • Ratification/use of ILO OSH Conventions, codes, guides • Establishment of National SafeWork Programme

  6. National SafeWork Programme • OSH Programme officially announced by the government for mid-term period (Government Commitment) • Coverage: whole OSH issues, priority industry (mining/construction), hazards (chemicals/silicosis) • Tripartite Consultation

  7. Contents • Encouraging Developments in Asia • ILO Support • Challenges in Asia • Role of Workers’ Organizations

  8. Encouraging Developments • Improvements of Accident Statistics • Upgrading of OSH Legislation • Expansion of Information, Training and Promotion Programmes • OSH Programmes by Employers’ & Workers’ Organizations

  9. Number of Industrial Accidents

  10. Ratification of ILO Conventions • Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No.155: Viet Nam (‘94), Mongolia (‘98) • Chemicals Convention, No.170: China (‘95) • Safety and Health in Mines Convention, No.174: Philippines(‘98)

  11. New OSH Legislation • Malaysia:OSH Act (‘94) • Fiji: OSH Act (‘96) • Hong Kong OSH Ordinance (‘97) • China: Chemical Safety Regulation (‘96)

  12. Strengthening of OSH Supporting Institutions • Malaysia: NIOSH (1992) • Indonesia: OSH Training Centre (1995) • Singapore: OSH Training Centre Expanded (1997) • Thailand: Strengthening of NICE (1997) • Nepal: OSH Centre (1998)

  13. OSH Management System and Safety Auditing • Singapore: Auditing for Construction(‘96) • Indonesia: OSH Management Regulation (’96) • Thailand: OSH-MS Standard (‘98) • China: Circular on OSH-MS (‘99) and Certification (‘00) • Korea: KOSHA 2000 Programme (‘00)

  14. Expansion of OSH Training • Safety Officer Training in Thailand - over 100 authorized training institutions - over 100,000 trained in one year (‘97-’98) • Construction Safety Training in Singapore - link with work permit - in Chinese, Thai, Malay, Tamil, Bengali

  15. Support to OSH Programmes by Compensation Fund • Malaysia: funding NIOSH, other programmes • Hong Kong: 2% of insurance premium • Korea: 5% of appropriation • Thailand: 22% of interest of the fund for OSH promotion and rehabilitation

  16. OSH Programme by Employers’ and Workers’ Organizations • OSH Unit/Officer at Employers Organizations Malaysia (‘96), Thailand (‘97), China (‘97), Mongolia (‘98) • OSH Training by Workers’ Organizations Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China Mongolia, Pakistan, Bangladesh

  17. ILO Support in Asia • Publication of guides on OSH in Asia • Comprehensive review of OSH programme - China, Thailand • Support training programmes - translation of ILO materials - developing new training packages

  18. Technical Co-operation Projects • ILO FINNIDA Regional Project (ASIA-OSH) - launched in 1992 - focus on OSH information and training - Asia Pacific Newsletter • ILO DANIDA Inter-regional Projects - Supporting selected one year programmes (China, Viet Nam, Mongolia, Philippines, India) • ILO DANIDA Support to the Nepal OSH Centre

  19. ILO Support in China • Implement Chemicals Convention - chemical safety regulation - labeling and CSDS standards - training programme - chemical safety campaign

  20. ILO Support in Viet Nam • Silicosis Elimination - desk review on prevailing situation - elaborate national programme - support for programme implementation • First National Safety Week:May 1999 - mobilized 5 million people in all provinces • OSH Training in construction and fishing

  21. Global Estimates (Annually) • 1.2 million work-related deaths • 250 million accidents • 160 million work-related diseases • 4% of gross national product is lost

  22. SafeWorkGoals Protecting workers in hazardous jobs Extending protection Promoting workers’ health and well-being Showing that protection pays

  23. Challenges in Asia • Develop Comprehensive OSH Law • Improve Accident and Occupational Disease Data • Expand Training Programme & Mechanism • Support to Small Enterprises • Special Programmes: Construction, Mining • Mobilization of Fund

  24. Recent OSH Conventions • C155: Occupational Safety and Health • C161: Occupational Health Services • C162: Asbestos • C167: Construction Safety • C170: Chemicals • C174: Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents • C176: Safety and Health in Mines • New: Safety and Health in Agriculture

  25. Improve Accident /Disease Data • Detailed analysis of available data - ILO code, new ILO standard • Expand the coverage of workmen’s compensation scheme • Occupational disease diagnosis • Programmes for specific targets: SME, Construction

  26. Training Programme and Mechanism • Reach All Workers • Special Training for Hazardous Work • High Quality: Training Materials • Occupational Health • Nation Wide Coverage: Network • Support by legislation

  27. Support Small Enterprises • Practical Information • Technical Advisory Service • Environment Monitoring • Medical Examination • Financial Support: Subsidy • Promote Exchange of Experience

  28. Mobilization of Funds • Workmen’s Compensation Fund • New Training Requirements • International Support

  29. Role of Workers’ Organizations • Active participation in the national OSH dialogue - ratification of ILO OSH Conventions • Designation high-level focal point and Creating OSH units • Establishing nation-wide OSH network

  30. Role of Workers’ Organizations- continued - • Active participation in OSH Committees at the enterprises • Sharing of practical local OSH improvements • Inclusion of OSH issues in the collective bargaining agreements

  31. Key to Success • Practical Action • Strategic Multiple Programme • Tripartite Collaboration

  32. Need for strengthening OSH Measures • Rapid industrial developments (GDP growth of 5-10%) • Increase in Accidents and Diseases • Countries in Transition of Economy

  33. Limitation in the Region • difficulties in increasing government inspectors • variety of industrial activities and changing technology -----> Require effective approach OSH-MS as a powerful tool

  34. OSH Management Systems • Clarification of Employer’s Responsibility • Commitment/Leadership of Employers • Worker Participation • OSH-MS ensures sustainability of action (Continual Improvement)

  35. ILO Guidelines’ definition of OSH-MS A set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish OSH policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives

  36. ILO/OSH 2001 Main Elements of OSH-MS • Policy • Organizing • Planning and Implentation • Evaluation • Action for improvement

  37. Advantage of Systems Approach • Continual Improvement • Third party checking (government inspection) should focus on system audit • No detailed site inspection • Worker Participation as a key for success • Self-control • Cost effective for government

  38. Different application of OSH-MS in Asia • National guidelines without certification Japan • Voluntary certification China, Indonesia, Korea, Thailand • Compulsory third party audit Hong Kong, Singapore

  39. Difference of OSH-MSfrom ISO 9000 • Wide application including Small Enterprises desirable • Link/non-link with Inspection • Link with other OSH promotions • Various approaches are possible • Workers play critical role

  40. OSH-MS as a key element of National OSH Policy and Programmes • Nation Policy on the strategic use of OSH-MS ---> National OSH-MS Framework • Target wide application (including SME) • Review role of inspectorate • OSH Services • Competence training • Auditors • Incentives, Certification (option)

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