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Managing the Home Front: Economic and Social Changes During World War I

During World War I, President Wilson oversaw significant control of the economy, enacting measures like the War Industries Board (WIB) led by Bernard Baruch, which facilitated mass production. The Fuel Administration introduced Daylight Savings Time, while the Food Administration under Herbert Hoover encouraged food conservation. Financing the war involved higher taxes and "liberty loans." Propaganda efforts led by the Committee on Public Information aimed to unify public support, often at the expense of German Americans, during a period marked by the Great Migration and the devastating 1918 flu epidemic.

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Managing the Home Front: Economic and Social Changes During World War I

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  1. WAR AT HOME • President Wilson was granted control over much of the economy • WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD ( WIB) (1917/18) • Bernard Baruch • Mass production (assembly line) • Retail prices increased

  2. WAR AT HOME CONT.. • FUEL ADMINSTRATION: • DAY LIGHT SAVINGS TIME ESTABLISHED • FOOD ADMINISTRATION: • Hebert Hoover • Help produce and conserve food • pictures

  3. FINANCING THE WAR • Progressive income tax • War profits tax • Higher excise tax • “liberty loans” • “Victory loans”

  4. PROPAGANDA • COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION (cpi) • Leader: George Creel • “Four minute men” • posters

  5. ATTACKS ON GERMAN CITIZENS • Schools stopped teaching German • Libraries removed books by German authors • Changing names of German related things:

  6. ESPIONAGE & SEDITION ACTS (1917/18) • People could be fined up to $10,000 or sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or saying anything disloyal about the government or war efforts

  7. THE GREAT MIGRATION • Large scale movement of southern African Americans to cities in the north. • Reasons:

  8. WOMEN FOR THE WAR EFFORT • TYPES OF JOBS WOMEN TOOK DURING THE WAR.

  9. FLU EPIDEMIC: 1918 • Affected about ¼ of Americans • killed about 500,000 Americans

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