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The War at Home

The War at Home. Chapter 12 Section 3. Mobilization. to assemble (armed forces, military reserves, or civilian persons of military age) into readiness for active service. Before entering WWI, the USA had to mobilize its army.

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The War at Home

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  1. The War at Home Chapter 12 Section 3

  2. Mobilization to assemble (armed forces, military reserves, or civilian persons of military age) into readiness for active service. Before entering WWI, the USA had to mobilize its army. What did the USA have to do to mobilize for WWI? (give specific details)

  3. Mobilizing the Nation • Needed to: • Finance the war • Conserve scarce resources • Redirect industry and labor toward wartime production. • PROPOGANDA

  4. Propaganda information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. Propaganda was used to increase the support of going to war with Iraq. Propaganda is bad.

  5. Economy • The Great War cost the US $35 billion • How did the US pay for the war? (see pgs 368-369) • Sold war bonds • “Every person who refuses to subscribe…is a friend of Germany,” and “is not entitled to be an American citizen.” • Increased taxes • Needed to coordinate the actions of government, business, and industry.

  6. Conserving resources • Food Administration • Led by Herbert Hoover and needed to: • Encourage agricultural production • Conserve existing food supplies • Fuel Administration • Led by James A. Garfield • Heatless Mondays

  7. Organizing industry • War Industries Board • Responsible for allocating scarce materials, establishing production priorities, and setting prices. • Led by Bernard Baruch • Economic mobilization programs led to huge profits.

  8. Mobilizing Workers • Huge labor force needed. • Hundreds of thousands of men drafted into military. • European immigration slowed. • Many labor unions organized strikes to demand higher wages and other benefits. • Why could this be a good time for workers to strike?

  9. Labor (cont.) • National War Labor Board (1918) • Created to settle disputes between workers and employers. • Heard over 1,200 cases and frequently ruled in favor of labor. • Membership in unions swelled.

  10. Summary • In your opinion, was the average US citizen more involved with the WWI war effort or the war effort for the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? • Use specific evidence from both time periods to write your summaries.

  11. Women’s roles • Women working outside the home grew by about 6 percent during the war. • They took traditionally male jobs. • 1.5 million women worked in industry during the war. • Also helped plan wartime mobilization • Women’s role in the war helped bring the passage of the 19th Amendment.

  12. Volunteerism • Patriotism swept the country • Liberty bonds, victory gardens, conservation • Girl Guides • Created by Juliette Gordon Low • By 1915 known as the Girl Scouts and helped with the war effort • “A girl cannot die for her country, but she can live for it…” –Juliette Low

  13. The Great Trek North • Many Mexicans migrated to the US because of the labor shortage • Great Migration • African Americans migrated to the North to escape discrimination and difficult living and working conditions. • Better standards of living, but still racial violence.

  14. Recruiting poster. Reality? http://www.nps.gov/archive/prsf/history/buffalo_soldiers/images/blackww1.jpg

  15. More Propaganda! • Before the war, most Americans thought that the US should be neutral. • Committee on Public Information • Created spring 1917 headed by George Creel • Initially produced factual information, but soon produced radical propaganda. • Movies, books, pamphlets • Sauerkraut = liberty cabbage. Hamburger = Salisbury steak.

  16. Opposition to war • Despite popular sentiment, some Americans opposed the war WHY? (see pgs 373-374) • Quakers and Mennonites – pacifists. • Socialist party – warring nations using working people as tools in a capitalist struggle for control of world markets. • Espionage Act and the Sedition Act • Outlawed treason and made it a crime to “utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal…or abusive language….”

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