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NASA and the Politics of Spaceflight

NASA and the Politics of Spaceflight. February 14, 2009 Afternoon Session. October 4, 1957. Sputnik. Soviet Space “Firsts”. 1957, First artificial satellite “Sputnik” “friendly traveler” . Soviet Space “Firsts”. 1957, First living creature in space Dog “Laika”—Sputnik 2 .

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NASA and the Politics of Spaceflight

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  1. NASA and the Politics of Spaceflight February 14, 2009 Afternoon Session

  2. October 4, 1957 Sputnik

  3. Soviet Space “Firsts” • 1957, First artificial satellite • “Sputnik” • “friendly traveler”

  4. Soviet Space “Firsts” • 1957, First living creature in space • Dog “Laika”—Sputnik 2

  5. Soviet Space “Firsts” • 1959, First spacecraft to vicinity of moon • “Luna”

  6. Soviet Space “Firsts” • First person in space, 12 Apr. 1961 • Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin • Vostok 1

  7. Soviet Space “Firsts” • June 1963, First woman in space • Valentina Tereshkova • Vostok 6

  8. Soviet Space “Firsts” • 1965, First space walk (EVA) • Alexei Leonov, “Voskhod 2”

  9. Soviet Space “Firsts” • 1971, First space station • “Salyut 1”

  10. Soviet Space “Firsts” Sputnik 1, Oct. 4, 1957 Sputnik 2, Nov. 3, 1957 Luna 3, Oct. 4, 1959 Yuri Gagarin, April 12, 1961 Valentina Tereshkova, June 14, 1963 Leonov EVA, March 18, 1965 Salyut I, April 1971

  11. Politics & Technology:Prestige and Propaganda

  12. Soviet Background in Rocketry and Space Konstantin Tsiolkovskii Father of Cosmonautics, 1857-1935 Group for the Study of Reaction Motion—GIRD, 1931 Soviet rocket designs, 1946-1953

  13. Dr. Robert Goddard, 1882-1945

  14. Josef Stalin

  15. Stalin’s Gulags

  16. World War II

  17. WHY WAS THE USSR FIRST??

  18. The Soviets had the big rocket Korolev Soviet R-7 (SS-6) ICBM

  19. USAF Strategic Air CommandB-52 Bomber

  20. Polaris Nuclear Submarine

  21. Dr. Edward Teller: “Father of the Hydrogen Bomb” Stanislas Ulam

  22. Lithium-deuteride device • Lightweight thermonuclear warhead

  23. Soviet ICBMs US vs. Soviet launch vehicles R-7 US Redstone WW2 German V-2

  24. Soviet leadership emphasis Nikita Khrushchev

  25. U.S. Rockets and Eisenhower’s Choice of Vanguard 1957International Geophysical Year (IGY)

  26. American Rockets Jupiter Rocket Wernher von Braun

  27. Viking Rocket Vanguard Satellite

  28. Legality of SatelliteOverflights

  29. Spy Satellites U.S. spy photo of Soviet airfield, early 1960s

  30. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1952-1960

  31. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address • Coined term “military-industrial complex” • Threatened democracy

  32. Discoverer satellites “Keyholes” National Reconnaissance Office Top-secret “Corona” Program (Central Intelligence Agency)

  33. Spy Satellites “Discoverer” Keyhole Camera platform

  34. U-2 Spyplane

  35. Sputnik

  36. Eisenhower’s Measured Response to Sputnik

  37. Flopnik!! Attempt to launch Vanguard satellite Dec. 1957

  38. Explorer 1: first U.S. satellite to orbit 31 Jan. 1958

  39. Kennedy Nixon

  40. “Symbols of the Cold War”

  41. Eisenhower’s vision for NASA • Wanted America’s space program to be peaceful, research-oriented • Not to be controlled or fought over by the military • Selected NACA as the nucleus

  42. “Anyone want my job?” • James E. Webb • NASA Administrator, 1961-1968 • JFK appointment • Former director, Bureau of the Budget

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