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The Skeletal System

The appendicular skeleton comprises bones that facilitate movement and support the body. The pelvic girdle, formed by two coxal bones, supports the upper body and protects vital organs. Gender differences in the pelvis reveal that the female inlet is wider and more circular, with a shallower structure, lighter bones, and a wider pubic arch compared to males. The lower limbs consist of the femur, the heaviest bone, and tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges in the foot, forming strong arches that help maintain balance and support weight.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System

  2. The Appendicular Skeleton • Composed of __________ bones • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

  3. The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 5.6a

  4. The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 5.6b

  5. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones • Composed of _________ pairs of fused bones • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________

  6. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis • It protects several organs • ________________________ organs • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

  7. The Pelvis Figure 5.24a

  8. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5.24b

  9. Gender Differences of the Pelvis • The female inlet is _______________ and more _______________ • The female pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the bones are lighter and thinner • The female ilia flare more laterally • The female _______________ is shorter and less curved • The female ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus the outlet is larger • The female pubic arch is more ________________ because the angle of the pubic arch is greater

  10. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.24c

  11. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The thigh has one bone • Femur • The heaviest, ____________________ bone in the body

  12. Bones of the Lower Limbs Figure 5.25a–b

  13. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The foot • Tarsals • Two largest tarsals • ____________________ (heelbone) • ____________________ • Metatarsals—sole • Phalanges—toes

  14. Bones of the Lower Limb Figure 5.26

  15. Arches of the Foot • Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches • __________ longitudinal • __________ transverse • Weak arches are referred to as: • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

  16. Arches of the Foot Figure 5.27

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