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Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei. Learning Objective: By the end of the period I will be able to describe the discoveries and inventions of Galileo as well as how his discoveries conflicted with church teachings by filling in my Slot Notes. Childhood.

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Galileo Galilei

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  1. Galileo Galilei Learning Objective: By the end of the period I will be able to describe the discoveries and inventions of Galileo as well as how his discoveries conflicted with church teachings by filling in my Slot Notes.

  2. Childhood • Galileo was born in February 15, 1564, near the town of Pisa, Italy. • His father Vincenzo was a musician and teacher. He studied the science of music and he may have helped to develop opera. • Galileo was sent to a monastery school at thirteen.

  3. Education • At seventeen, Galileo returned to Pisa to study at the university there. • He studied medicine to make his father happy, but his real interest lie in mathematics. • Galileo befriended two important scholars, Guidobaldo del Monte (a student of mechanics) and Christopher Clavius (a priest and mathematician).

  4. Teaching • In 1592, Galileo was given a position as a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Padua in Venice. • At the university he became very interested in the way objects fell through the air. • He is said to have proven his theories by dropping cannonballs from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. • At the university, some professors found him pushy and his views shocking.

  5. Discoveries and Inventions • 1597 – invented a device he called the “geometric and military compass” for making calculations • 1609 – created a telescope by improving on the work of Hans Lippershy • 1609 - observed the surface of the moon using his new telescope • 1610 – observed the planet Jupiter and discovered four of its’ moons

  6. Discoveries and Inventions (cont.) • 1610 – observed Venus and recognized that it orbited the sun (supporting the teachings of Copernicus) • 1610 – wrote about his discoveries with the telescope in a book called, SidereusNuncius (Starry Messenger) • 1612 – observed spots on the sun

  7. In Trouble With The Church • The Catholic Church taught that the Earth was the center of God’s creation. • Copernicus’s teaching that the sun was the center of the universe challenged this teaching. It got him (and others who agreed into a lot of trouble with the Church). • Galileo tried to convince the Church of the truth of Copernicus’s teachings, but was unsuccessful.

  8. In Trouble With The Church (cont.) • Galileo was ordered to stop teaching Copernican Theory. He knew he walked a fine line (another supporter of Copernicus named Giordano Bruno had been burned at the stake) with the Church. • In 1632, his book, Dialogue of the Two Principal Systems of the World, was published. It was meant to show a discussion between supporters of Aristotle and Copernicus.

  9. Spanish Inquisition Trial • Enemies of Galileo stirred up trouble for him with Pope Urban VIII. • His book was banned by the Church and he was brought before the Spanish Inquisition on charges of heresy. • He was found guilty of heresy on June 21, 1633. • On June 22 he was forced to denounce his beliefs (or face death).

  10. Final Years • Galileo was ultimately sentenced to live out the rest of his life under house arrest. • While under house arrest, he wrote another book, Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning Two New Sciences Pertaining to Mechanics and Local Motions, which dealt with his interest in falling objects. • He is said to have gone completely blind from a combination of glaucoma and cataracts by 1638.

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