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Understanding Electrical Circuits: Basics and Diagrams

Learn about electrical circuits, including series and parallel circuits. Discover how batteries, circuit diagrams, and current flow work. Explore circuit components and how resistance affects brightness in bulbs.

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Understanding Electrical Circuits: Basics and Diagrams

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  1. Electrical Circuits

  2. Electrical Circuit • Closed path through which charge can flow • A Circuit needs: • Source of energy (voltage) • Conductive path for charge to flow • Source of resistance (device to do work)

  3. Batteries • Provide the energy (voltage) for charge to flow in a circuit • Have (+) and (-) terminals

  4. Dry cell • Series of chemical reactions causes electrons to flow and accumulate at the (-) terminal • Used in portable electronics + terminal - terminal

  5. Wet Cell • Has 2 connected metal plates submerged in an electrolyte: solution that conducts electricity • Ex: Car battery

  6. Circuit Diagrams • Use symbols to represent parts of a circuit • Shows one or more complete paths that charge can flow

  7. Current flow Battery + - Current always flows from positive (+) to negative (-) battery terminal

  8. Series Circuits • Charge has only one path to flow • If one device stops working they all stop working! • Viewing series circuit

  9. Series Circuits • Adding light bulbs to a series circuit increases resistance • CURRENT DECREASES, BULBS BECOME DIMMER

  10. Parallel Circuits • Circuit with two or more paths for current to flow • If one device stops working the rest continue to work!

  11. Parallel Circuits • Viewing Parallel Circuit • Homes and buildings are wired in parallel • Bulbs shine brighter in parallel than series • All Directly connected to battery

  12. Parallel circuits • Current in branch depends on resistance • More current flows through the path of lowest resistance • Voltage is same across each branch

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