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BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY

BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Butterfly weed Asclepias. 5 clicker points. BRING YOUR LAB MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK TO LAB BRING YOUR CLICKER TO LECTURE. Turning Point Clicker Technology.

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BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY

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  1. BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY Butterfly weed Asclepias 5 clicker points

  2. BRING YOUR LAB MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK TO LAB BRING YOUR CLICKER TO LECTURE

  3. Turning Point Clicker Technology CLICKERS ARE REQUIRED – IF BUYING A CLICKER WILL CREATE A SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL HARDSHIP FOR YOU, PLEASE E-MAIL ME. khughes@utk.edu

  4. Clicker Quizzes Will Be Given Daily • Daily clicker points 3-4 (each correct answer will count – incorrect answers will not count) • Maximum points you can claim towards your grade = 135 (I’ll try to give a total of 200 points via clickers so you can miss some) • NO makeups for clicker points

  5. You MUST register your clicker • In Blackboard, go to “Tools” • Enter the Device ID on the back of your clicker • Re-enter • Submit

  6. menu yes enter Setting your Response Device Set response device to channel 26 1. Press menu button 2. Leave presentation mode – yes 3. Use “yes” button to scroll down, “no” to scroll up. Scroll to “change channel” 4. Press enter 5. type in 26, press “enter” menu

  7. Introduction to the Class • Majors class for plant science and biological science majors. For bioscience majors, there is a requirement for two semesters (Bio111-112) to be the equivalent of Bio130. • Satisfies Gen-Ed science requirement

  8. Introduction to the Class • Subject Coverage for first semester • Molecules • Cell structure • Energetics • Membranes • Genetics • Bacteria and Viruses • Protista (algae) • Mosses and liverworts • Horsetails and clubmosses • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms

  9. CLASS WEB SITE HAS – • LECTURE SUMMARIES • QUIZZES TO HELP FOCUS LEARNING • STUDY TIPS Web site given at the top of the syllabus http:www.bio.utk.edu/botany110/default.html

  10. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

  11. What is not science? SCIENCE BELIEF EVERYONE HAS BELIEFS – BELIEFS HAVE NOT OR CANNOT BE VALIDATED BY THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Since scientific tests have shown that 40% of Americans are vitamin D-deficient, everyone should take vitamin D. Is this statement based on “scientific principles”?

  12. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD HYPOTHESIS Stripped to its essentials, the scientific method is deductive logic TESTS OF HYPOTHSIS DEDUCTION ACCEPTANCE MODIFICATION REJECTION

  13. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD The strength of the scientific method is that hypotheses are tested and re-tested and accumulated results add to our base of knowledge, little by little

  14. Using the scientific method does not mean that the conclusions are correct, only that they are based on the best available evidence.

  15. To qualify as “science”, three criteria must be satisfied: • The scientific method begins as a theory which must be the best explanation for what we know now (facts and data) • It must be possible to test the theory (for example, evolution could be shown to be wrong if we found conclusive evidence that the earth was not very old or that fossils were jumbled or that radioisotopes did not decay predictably) • Scientific theory must change in light of new data

  16. Jan Baptista van Helmont (1644) Belgian Physician • Pot + 200 lb earth + 5 lb willow shoot. Covered pot with perforated plate to keep soil out. • Watered with rain or distilled water. • After 5 years, earth = 200 lbs - 3 oz, tree 169 lbs. • Conclusion:Plant growth (wood) came from water. (Plants not “soil eaters”) Van Helmont 1648

  17. Accumulation of knowledge • Wood (plant materials) does not come from soil

  18. Joseph Priestly 1771 First demonstration that plants produce oxygen Joseph Priestley (1771)- English scientist: Discovered that plants can restore air “injured” by burning of candles. A candle enclosed in a bell jar will go out. A mouse put into a bell jar will die. If a plant is placed in the bell jar, the mouse will not die and a candle will burn.

  19. Joseph Priestly received a medal for his work which reads in part “For these discoveries we are assured that no vegetable grows in vain …. But cleanses and purifies our atmosphere”

  20. Accumulation of knowledge • Wood (plant materials) does not come from soil • Plants can purify the air (produce oxygen)

  21. Jan Ingenhausz 1778 • Jan Ingenhousz (1778)- Dutch Physician • Confirmed Priestley’s work and showed that light is necessary for the process (photosynthesis). • He reported that plants in the dark “contaminate the air and make it harmful to animals” but that in the light it could purify the air. • He also reported that only the green parts of a plant could purify the air. Sun by itself could not purify air. • Suggested that CO2 is split to yield oxygen

  22. Accumulation of knowledge • Wood (plant materials) does not come from soil • Plants produce “oxygen” • Green parts of the plant produce oxygen and CO2 is split to yield oxygen (all correct?)

  23. C. B. Van Neil, while studying photosynthesis in sulfur bacteria showed that they carried out the following reaction CO2 + 2H2S → (CH2O) + H2O + 2S He made an intuitive leap and suggested the following reaction for photosynthesis in non-sulfur bacteria CO2 + 2H2A → (CH2O) + H2O + 2A where A is an oxidizable substance. Neil proposed that water, not CO2 was the source of oxygen in photosynthesis

  24. 1941 Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen used an isotope of oxygen (18O2) to show that oxygen came from water. CO2 + 2H2O*→(CH2O) + H2O + O2*

  25. Accumulation of knowledge • Wood (plant materials) does not come from soil • Plants produce “oxygen” • Green parts of the plant produce oxygen and CO2 is split to yield oxygen (all correct?) • Oxygen comes from splitting water (H2O)

  26. Melvin Calvin 1956 Wood is composed of cellulose, a complex linkage of glucose molecules C6H12O6 Using the 14carbon isotope as a tracer, Calvin and his team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds CO2+ 2H2O →(CH2O) + H2O + O2 CH2O →C6H12O6 (glucose) → wood Calvin cycle

  27. Accumulation of knowledge • Wood (plant materials) does not come from soil • Plants produce “oxygen” • Green parts of the plant produce oxygen • Oxygen comes from water in photosynthesis • Sugars (wood) come from CO2 (air) plus hydrogen from water and other sources

  28. HOMEWORK – Read Chapters 1 and 2 Know material in chapter 1 not covered in class. Understand the basic building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and what they do. END

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