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Understanding Force and Motion: Conceptual Experiments with Cart on Air Track

This text introduces a series of conceptual experiments illustrating the relationship between force, time, and speed using a cart on an air track. In the first experiment, a constant force is applied for varying durations to analyze how it affects speed. Subsequent experiments explore scenarios involving different masses and initial velocities, prompting questions about the resulting speeds. Through these examples, key principles of Newtonian physics, such as force, mass, and acceleration, are examined, enhancing comprehension of motion dynamics.

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Understanding Force and Motion: Conceptual Experiments with Cart on Air Track

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  1. Conceptual Example 1 • Expt 1: Cart on air track at rest. Constant force acts for short time & gives cart a certain speed. • Expt 2: Same conditions, but force half as large as in Expt 1. Question: To reach same final speed as Expt 1, this force must act for a time which is: 1. 4 times as long as in Expt 1, 2. 4 times as long as in Expt 1, 3. Equal to the time in Expt 1, 4. Half as long as time in Expt 1, 5. A quarter as long as in Expt 1

  2. Conceptual Example 2 • Expt 1: Cart on air track at rest. Constant force acts for short time & gives cart a certain speed. • Expt 3: Another cart, twice the mass of that in Expt. 1. Same force for same time as in Expt 1. • Question: Final speed of heavier cart is: 1. One fourth that in Expt 1. 2. 4 times that in Expt 1, 3. Half that in Expt 1, 4. Double that in Expt 1, 5. Same as in Expt 1

  3. Conceptual Example 3 • Expt 1: Cart on air track at rest. Constant force acts for short time & gives cart a certain speed. • Expt 4: Same cart, but initially cart is already moving in direction of force. Exert same force for same time as in Expt. 1. • Question:Increase in speed of cart is: 1. Equal to 2 times initial speed. 2. Equal to square of initial speed. 3. Equal to 4 times initial speed. 4. Same as in Expt 1, 5. Can’t be determined from info provided

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