1 / 18

The Age of Absolutism 1550-1800 Section I: Extending Spanish Power

The Age of Absolutism 1550-1800 Section I: Extending Spanish Power . Mr. Greene October 4, 2006. What do you mean by Age of Absolutism?.

tavi
Télécharger la présentation

The Age of Absolutism 1550-1800 Section I: Extending Spanish Power

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Age of Absolutism1550-1800Section I: Extending Spanish Power Mr. Greene October 4, 2006

  2. What do you mean by Age of Absolutism? • “absolute monarchies and more tightly-centralized national governments; the growth of the absolute monarchy is regarded by many historians as the origin of the modern state. Europe consequently saw the gradual erosion of local power and autonomy and the rise of national legislation and civil bureaucracies. Because of this growth in absolute and centralized power of the national government and the monarchy, this age in European history is generally called the Age of Absolutism (1660-1789). It begins in the reign of Louis XIV and ends with the French Revolution.   Absolutism was by and large motivated by the crises and tragedies of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Reformation had led to a series of violent and cruel wars of religions; states erupted into civil war and thousands of innocents met their deaths in the name of national religions. Absolute monarchies were originally proposed as a solution to these violent disorders, and Europeans were more than willing to have local autonomy taken away in exchange for peace and safety.” - Washington State University www.wsu.edu

  3. Spanish Empire: Charles V

  4. Charles V 1519-1556 • 1519: inherited huge Spanish Empire • Spanish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire • Devout Catholic- worked to suppress Protestant Movements • Constant warfare- massive empire • Greatest rival- Ottoman Empire • Exhausted- enters monastery in 1556 • Divides Kingdom- Hapsburg gave to brother Ferdinand - Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy, Spain’s overseas empire- given to 29 year-old son: Philip II

  5. Philip II 1556- 1598 • 42 year reign • Sought to expand Spanish Empire • Strengthen Catholic Church • Centralized Royal Power • Became an absolute monarch: a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people • ASSERTED HE RULED BY: DIVINE RIGHT (key)

  6. DIVINE RIGHT • What is Divine Right? • Divine Right: the belief that authority to rule came directly from God. • Philip II said he ruled by divine right- • Fought against Protestants (are they wrong?) • Disagree with Philip II you disagree with God • Advocate for Catholicism- Warred against Protestants • George W. Bush?

  7. “Heaven Sent: Does God endorse George Bush?” • Article was published September 13, 2004 • By: Steven Waldman (editor-in-chief of Beliefnet) • Published on www.slate.com • “Slate is a daily magazine on the Web. Founded in 1996, we are a general-interest publication offering analysis and commentary about politics, news, and culture. Slate's strong editorial voice and witty take on current events have been recognized with numerous awards, including the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. The site, which is owned by The Washington Post Company, does not charge for access and is supported by advertising revenues.” • Write a reaction to the article. What are your thoughts? Do you think George W. Bush is endorsed by God? Why or why not? Can you make a connection between Philip II and George W. Bush?

  8. The Wars of Philip II • Revolt of the Netherlands -Protestants - Riots against Spanish Inquisition - English supported Dutch Netherlands against Spain • Invading England - 1580’s- Queen Elizabeth I of England -most prominent Protestant leader in Europe - Queen Elizabeth I encouraged pirates (Sir Francis Drake) to loot Spanish ships and cities in the Americas - Philip II prepares the Spanish Armada

  9. Spanish Inquisition • “The Spanish Inquisition: The Spanish Inquisition was independent of the medieval Inquisition. It was established (1478) by Ferdinand and Isabella with the reluctant approval of Sixtus IV. One of the first and most notorious heads was Tomas de Torquemada. It was entirely controlled by the Spanish kings, and the pope’s only hold over it was in naming the inquisitor general. The popes were never reconciled to the institution, which they regarded as usurping a church prerogative.   6The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to discover and punish converted Jews (and later Muslims) who were insincere. However, soon no Spaniard could feel safe from it; thus, St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Theresa of Ávila were investigated for heresy. The censorship policy even condemned books approved by the Holy See. The Spanish Inquisition was much harsher, more highly organized, and far freer with the death penalty than the medieval Inquisition; its autos-da-fé became notorious. The Spanish government tried to establish the Inquisition in all its dominions; but in the Spanish Netherlands the local officials did not cooperate, and the inquisitors were chased (1510) out of Naples, apparently with the pope’s connivance. The Spanish Inquisition was finally abolished in 1834.” -    Columbia Encyclopedia

  10. Spanish Armada • Read: The Spanish Armada: The Worst-Kept Secret in Europe • 130 ships • 20,000 men • 2,400 pieces of artillery • Objective: Invade England • Spanish Commander: “God will surely arrange matters so that we can grapple and board them, either by sending some strange freak of weather or, more likely, just by depriving the English of their wits.” • Predict what will happen… write a letter to Philip II as a Spanish commander, about the outcome of the battle • Did you invade England? Did weather play a factor in winning the battle?

  11. Spain’s Golden Age 1550-1650 • Painters: El Greco- produced haunting religious pictures, dramatic views of the city of Toledo, and striking portraits of Spanish nobles- dramatic, elongated style • Writers: Lope de Vega- wrote plays- The Sheep Well- shows Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand saving a village from feudal lords (centralization of power) - Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote- excerpt pg. 977

  12. Section II:France Under Louis XIV

  13. Rebuilding France 1560- 1590 • Religious Wars - between Huguenots (French Protestants) v. Catholic majority • St. Bartholomew’s Day - August 24, 1572 -3,000 Huguenots killed - (continued)

  14. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_massacre

  15. Henry IV 1589-1610 • Huguenot converted to Catholicism to rule effectively over France (predominantly Catholic) • Edict of Nantes 1598 - granted Huguenots religious tolerance - fortify towns and cities • Expands and centralizes power • “chicken in every pot” (Herbert Hoover 1928) • Reaches into all aspects of French lives • Bigger more centralized power • Killed my assassin in 1610

  16. Louis XIV the SUN King • Divine Right- quote pg. 417 “I am the State” • Sun as symbol of ABSOLUTE POWER • Did NOT call upon the Estates General • Built Versailles http://www.chateauversailles.fr/en/un_chef_d_oeuvre_22.php • Persecuted the Huguenots

More Related